1951—2010年中国土壤温度时空变化特征及其影响因素

土壤温度状况对于研究气候变迁、地球物质能量循环以及土壤性质演变具有重要意义,但目前对国家尺度上土壤温度状况的长期序列和空间变化缺少研究。因此,本文基于土壤温度内插法和地理加权回归（GWR）模型,使用1951—2010年中国880个气象站点的观测数据,研究了中国土壤温度状况时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：① 中国60年来土壤温度变化整体趋势为东北地区升温,西南地区少部分地区降温;② 中国土壤温度状况可划分为冷性土壤温度状况（东北地区、青藏高原地区和内蒙古东部）、温性土壤温度状况（新疆南部、内蒙古和山西南部以及山东）和热性土壤温度状况（华中、华东、华南以及西南的云南、贵州和四川）;③ 经纬度和气温与土壤温度具有良好的响应关系,其中气温是最重要的影响因素;④ 中国60年来整体呈现温性土壤向北迁移（约46.5 km）、冷性土壤向南迁移（约43.4 km）的趋势。研究结果可为地理学、土壤学等相关领域深入研究提供一定参考,并为土壤系统分类研究提供理论依据。

Characteristics of spatio-temporal changes in soil temperature in China from 1951 to 2010 and its influencing factors

The soil temperature status is of great significance to climate change, the earth's material energy cycle, and the evolution of soil properties. However, there is currently a lack of research on the long-term sequence and spatial changes of soil temperature status on a national scale. Therefore, based on the soil temperature interpolation method and Geographic Weighted Regression (GWR) model, this paper used the observation data of 880 meteorological stations in China from 1951 to 2010 to study the characteristics of the spatio-temporal changes of soil temperature in China and its influencing factors. The results showed that: (1) The overall trend of soil temperature changes in China over the past 60 years increased in the northeast and decreased in a few areas in the southwest; (2) The soil temperature in China can be divided into cold soil temperature status (Northeast China, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and eastern Inner Mongolia), temperate soil temperature status (southern Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, southwestern Shanxi and Shandong) and thermal soil temperature status (central China, eastern China, southern China, and Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan in Southwest China); (3) Longitude, latitude and air temperature had good responses to and relationships with the soil temperature, of which air temperature was the most important influencing factor; 4) Over the past 60 years, there was a trend of warm soil regime migrating to the north (approximately 46.5 km) and cold soil regime to the south (approximately 43.4 km). The research results can provide a certain reference for in-depth research in related fields such as geography and soil science, and a theoretical basis for the study of soil systematic classification.