小城镇特色要素定位方法及实证研究——以安徽省15个特色小城镇为例

特色化发展模式对助力小城镇突破发展困境具有重要意义。本文从微观到中宏观视角提出“特色识别—特色优势度评价—特色综合定位”逻辑框架,构建“特色三步定位法”：① 特色识别基于多种传统方法及文本大数据处理,依据特色要素类别进行差异化方法构建;② 特色优势度评价主要根据不同特色要素类别选取不同指标或方法,采取同市域同类别横向比较的思路构建评价体系;③ 特色综合定位是结合国土空间类型分析,依托“自然要素类—文化要素类—区位要素类—产业要素类”的优先贯序构建方法。此外,以安徽省15个国家级特色小城镇为例开展实证研究,检验了“特色三步定位法”的可操作性及实践指导作用,并发现两成案例地特色要素定位不准,根源在于特色要素定位方法及技术规范的欠缺。未来,建议特色小城镇及时检验当前主导特色,其他小城镇需以特色要素准确定位为前提进行特色化开发。

Positioning method of characteristic elements in small towns and empirical research: Taking 15 characteristic small towns in Anhui Province as examples

Characteristic model could help to break through some development difficulties for small towns. This paper attempted to construct a "three-step characteristics positioning method" based on the logical framework of "identifying characteristics-evaluating superiority-positioning characteristics" from microcosmic to macrocosmic view. First, characteristics identification mainly uses manual inspection and big data. Second, superiority evaluation needs different indicators or methods according to corresponding element category, through parallel comparison within the city. Third, characteristics positioning is based on the analysis of territorial types combined with the priority sequence selection from "natural element-cultural element-location element-industrial element". In addition, case studies of 15 characteristic small towns in Anhui Province were adopted to test the operability and practical value of the "three-step characteristics positioning method". Results showed that 20% of the cases failed to identify local characteristics reasonably due to the lack of positioning method and technical specification. Characteristic towns are suggested to verify the elements in time, and other towns should carry out characteristic-oriented positioning work before construction.