地理学视角下非物质文化遗产的跨地方实践

非物质文化遗产不仅是来源于过去的特定区域的传统实践,更是生成于全球化体系中面向未来的现代文化政治和文化经济过程。因此,本文尝试以跨地方性理论为切入点,架构非遗的形成、运作和认同的社会—空间过程,在此基础上使用跨地方聚合的思想重新概念化非遗实践,将其解读为多元主体权力关系中介下,由跨地方异质性要素聚合而成的不稳定的开放系统,以区别于固有对非遗实践“稳定”“以人为中心”和“边界化”的认知。通过分析云南鹤庆银器锻制技艺和摩梭纺织技艺两个案例来呈现非遗实践作为跨地方聚合的过程及特性,以及非遗传承和保护由此所面对的机遇和挑战,呼吁在重视非遗服务于乡村振兴等发展战略的潜力时,要进一步认识非遗实践的跨地方性对本土社区的影响,反思遗产原真性和文化价值与当前非遗实践的关系,强调在非遗全球化生产和消费中保持其与本土认同和本土生计之间的关联。

The translocal practices of intangible cultural heritage in the perspective of geography

Intangible cultural heritage(ICH) encompasses not only local traditional practice derived from the past,but also future-oriented modern cultural political and economic processes generated due to globalization.Therefore,this paper uses translocal theory as an entry point to move beyond the paradigm of localities in analyzing the socio-spatial processes of intangible cultural heritage,with a specific focus on the processes of formation,operation,and identity.Accordingly,this paper reconceptualizes the practice of ICH.Different from the prevailing rigid,intrinsically stable,and human-centered approach,this paper adopts the idea of translocal assemblage to consider ICH practices as rhizomatic networks.The network binds heterogeneous elements together by power mediation to form temporarily stabilized systems.The translocal assemblage of ICH practices firstly connects human and non-human components as well as tangible and intangible components in different localities.Second,due to the openness of the deep structure,a translocal assemblage is a complex,multifarious,non-linear,and unstable whole with exteriority.Lastly,the structural linkages woven by power relations improve the current flat understanding of the world and emphasize the need to distinguish the intensity and criticality of different connections.Case studies of Heqing silver-forging technology and Mosuo textile technology use the three aspects above to identify when and where heterogeneous elements are linked and influence local development.This paper further argues that for better safeguarding of ICH as well as promotion of local development by heritage practices,attention should be given to elements and processes beyond the local,including their interrelation mechanisms with the local place.In valuing the potential of intangible cultural heritage to support development strategies such as rural revitalization,the article calls for consideration of the impact of trans-localism on heritage authenticity and cultural values together with the enhanced linkages between intangible cultural heritage and local identities and livelihoods in the light of global production and consumption of heritages.