京津冀地区经济增长相对衰落的创新地理基础

如何提高创新效率以促进京津冀地区经济发展由相对衰落转向相对兴旺进而带动北方腹地发展,是新发展阶段深入推进京津冀协同发展面临的重大问题。针对这一问题,本文在指出创新相对无效率是京津冀地区经济相对衰落关键的基础上,基于“密度、距离、分割、异质”（“4D”）框架,从经验上论证了京津冀地区创新地理相对无效率是其创新相对无效率的根源,提出了重塑京津冀地区创新地理的战略主张。首先,分析京津冀地区与长三角、粤港澳的经济效率、创新竞争力和创新效率演变趋势差异,发现京津冀地区经济效率低且趋于下降、创新缺乏竞争力、创新效率偏低,处于创新相对无效率状态。其次,基于“4D”框架阐释京津冀地区创新相对无效率的经济地理原因是,经济、人口和专利的低密度与高集聚不平衡程度并存、专利转移空间范围广而产学研协同发展的本地化水平低、创新分割严峻且空间异质性强、异质优势相对薄弱共同导致的创新地理相对无效率。最后,计量分析表明“4D”因素的相对变动将显著影响创新相对效率变动,证实京津冀地区创新地理相对无效率是创新相对无效率的根源。本文研究表明基于“4D”框架重塑创新经济地理是京津冀地区提高创新效率,进而实现创新驱动发展的关键所在。

The innovative geographical foundation of the relative decline of economic growth in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

How to raise innovation efficiency to promote the economic development from relative decline to prosperity and then drive the development of the northern hinterland becomes a prominent problem facing the in-depth acceleration of the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in the new development stage. This paper points out that the inefficiency of innovation is the key to economic stagnation in the BTH region, and empirically demonstrates that the relative inefficiency of innovation geography in the region is the main reason that restricts the innovative efficiency development based on the "Density, Distance, Division, Differentiation" (4D) framework. The strategic proposition of reshaping innovation geography in the BTH region is put forward. First of all, the article analyzes the disparities in the evolution trends of economic efficiency, innovation competitiveness and innovation efficiency in the BTH region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao region, and finds that the economic efficiency in the BTH region is lack of competitiveness and tends to decline, characterized by weak innovative advantage and low innovation efficiency. Secondly, based on the 4D framework, there are several reasons for the relative inefficiency of innovation from a perspective of economic geography. These reasons include the coexistence of low density of economy, population and patent with high concentration imbalance, the wide scope of patent transfer and the low localization level of industry-university-research collaboration, and the severe innovation segmentation with strong spatial heterogeneity, and relatively weak heterogeneous advantage. Finally, the measurement results show that the relative change of 4D factors will significantly affect the fluctuation of innovation relative efficiency, which indicates that the relative inefficiency of innovation geography in the BTH region is the root of innovation relative inefficiency. This paper shows that the reconstruction of innovation economic geography based on 4D framework is vital to improve innovation efficiency and realize innovation-driven development in the BTH region.