津巴布韦对中国国家形象的动态地理想象——基于批判地缘政治理论的分析

当前世界正在经历百年未有之大变局,中国如何积极构建其国家形象成为一个迫切需要回答的综合问题。研究援引批判地缘政治作为理论工具,以在津巴布韦的调查作为经验材料,探讨了津巴布韦不同主体对中国国家形象的动态地理想象及其机制。研究发现,津巴布韦对中国国家形象的地理想象不再受到以其国家宣传话语主导的基于殖民历史和独立战争的历史叙事所支配。相反,在其快车道土地改革运动、中国“走出去”战略及其与非洲日益紧密的联系,以及以“特朗普主义”为代表的全球地缘政治湍流不断等时代背景下,津巴布韦内外部社会关系产生了剧烈变化,不同主体之间（包括国家、政府、政党、协会、企业和个体等）的关系开始变得复杂,津巴布韦社会对中国国家形象的认知因此不再受到历史叙事的单方面影响,也受到流动的中国企业、移民及其在地实践,以及津巴布韦内外部社会关系变化与这种实践之间的互动的影响,从而对中国国家形象进行了不断解构和重构。研究拓展了批判地缘政治理论对话语的理解,强化了该理论与现实问题产生互动的潜力。从应用价值来看,研究讨论了它塑路径对中国国家形象营建的逻辑,对于全球转型背景下如何打造中国国家形象具有一定参考价值。

Zimbabwe's dynamic geographical imaginations of China's national image: Perspective from critical geopolitics

The world is currently undergoing profound changes unseen in a century, and how China builds its national image has become a complex and comprehensive issue needs to be urgently addressed. The study uses critical geopolitics theory as theoretical tool and employs a field survey in Zimbabwe as an empirical evidence to investigate Zimbabwe's geographical imaginations of China's national image and its related mechanism. The study found that the current Zimbabwe's geographical imaginations of China's national image is no longer dominated by the historical narrative based on its colonial history and the war of independence led by its national propaganda. In contrast, in the context of its fast-track land reform policy, China's "going out" strategic transformation and its increasingly close ties with the African continent, as well as the continuous global geopolitical turbulence represented by Trumpism, Zimbabwe's internal and external social relations has begun to undergo drastic changes. The relationships between various subjects (including states, governments, political parties, associations, enterprises and individuals) have also become extremely complicated and Zimbabwe's perception of China's national image has therefore no longer been influenced only by historical events. More specifically, China's national image is also influenced by Chinese enterprises, migrants, and their social practice in Zimbabwe. Moreover, these social practices have interacted and negotiated with the changes in Zimbabwe's internal and external social relations, thereby affecting the continuous deconstruction and reconstruction of China's national image in Zimbabwe. This study extends the understanding of discourse in critical geopolitics theory and strengthens the ability to solve problems. Practically, this study discusses the internal logic of other countries' building of China's national image, which has a certain reference value for the narrative of how to build China's national image in the context of global transformation.