中国地区收入与净财富不平等的演变路径识别

当前,“共同富裕”问题备受各界关注,中国2035年远景目标纲要明确要求“共同富裕”取得实质性进展,因而测度收入与净财富不平等程度、识别地区“共同富裕”的路径差异与成因具有重要意义。本文根据2011—2019年中国家庭金融调查（CHFS）数据,使用基尼系数、洛伦兹曲线和计量模型分析地区收入不平等和净财富不平等的演变模式、成因与地区“共同富裕”的路径差异。研究发现：① 虽然2011—2019年全国收入不平等程度下降,但净财富不平等维持在高位,而各地区收入和净财富不平等变化存在明显空间差异,其各分位点上的收入或净财富累计占比变化呈现不同态势。② 进一步检验地区不平等与经济发展的关系,发现经济发展水平与收入不平等呈近似倒“U”型关系,与净财富不平等呈近似倒“N”型关系。③ 各地区“共同富裕”的路径存在差异,发达省市区正逐步推进“共同富裕”,而落后省市区这一迹象并未显现。本文为中央与地方政府“共同富裕”政策的制定提供借鉴与参考。

The evolution process of China's regional income inequality and net wealth inequality

"Common prosperity" has become a matter of concern in China's society. The outline of China's long-term goals for 2035 calls for substantial progress in common prosperity. Therefore, measuring income and net wealth inequality, and identifying the differences and causes in regional common prosperity are of great significance in China. Based on the data of Chinese Household Financial Survey (CHFS) from 2011 to 2019, this paper uses Gini coefficient, Lorentz curve and panel data econometric model to analyze the evolution patterns and causes of regional income and net wealth inequality, and find out differences in the way of promoting common prosperity among regions. The results are shown as follows: (1) Although the national income inequality considerably declined from 2011 to 2019 but net wealth inequality remained large. There are obvious spatial differences in the changes of income and net wealth inequality, and the cumulative shares of each income or wealth quantile from 2011 to 2019 show different changing trends. (2) There is an approximate inverted "U" relationship between economic development and income inequality in provincial-level regions (hereafter province) of China, and an approximate inverted "N" relationship between economic development and net wealth inequality. (3) The processes of common prosperity are different among different regions. Specifically, there has been a general increase in households net wealth in developed provinces and these provinces have been promoting common prosperity, but the trend is not obvious in developing provinces. This study provides a reference for the formulation of policy on common prosperity of the central and local governments. In order to promote common prosperity in China, governments at all levels should provide assistance to vulnerable groups, scientifically and rationally make use of and manage natural resources, increase investment in transportation infrastructure construction, encourage capital investment to promote capital accumulation, and increase public finance expenditure on scientific and technological innovation.