青藏高原典型下垫面的土壤温湿特征

利用中国科学院纳木错站、 珠峰站和藏东南站2007年土壤温湿度的观测资料, 分别分析了这3个不同下垫面下观测站的土壤温湿度分布的时空特征.结果显示:3个站土壤温度的年变化和年平均的日变化趋势基本相同, 与太阳辐射变化特征一致; 它们在冻结深度和冻结时间上差别较大; 下垫面特征、 土壤的冻结消融及其物理性质的差异使3个站表现出了不同的土壤湿度变化特征; 3个站均表现为在某一深度有一个高含水层, 土壤消融(冻结)使土壤湿度迅速增大(减小).

Soil Temperature and Moisture Features of Typical Underlying Surface in the Tibetan Plateau

The Nam Co Station, Qomolangma Station and Southeast Tibet Station are the three stations of Chinese Academy of Sciences on the Tibetan Plateau with different underlying surfaces. In this paper, the data from the three stations in 2007 is analyzed to get the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of soil temperature and moisture. It is found that the diurnal and annual variations of soil temperature are consistent with the solar radiation change. For deep soil, the diurnal temperature variation is small. Frozen depth and duration differ among the three underlying surface types, and so is the soil moisture. There is a certain depth with higher moisture for the three stations. Freezing and thawing always result in great soil moisture change.