川东北元坝地区须家河组石英砂岩沉积与储层特征

在川东北元坝及周边地区首次发现纯净的石英砂岩沉积，石英砂岩厚度10~15 m左右。研究表明，石英砂岩主要以夹层形式出现在须一、二段，但沉积环境相当特殊，主要为海泛或湖泛早期沉积的滩坝砂体，不属于须家河组广泛发育的三角洲沉积体系，石英砂体呈近东西向展布，明显受到米仓山-大巴山前陆前渊带的控制。石英砂岩以粉-细砂为主，分选好，磨圆度高，杂基含量低，具有较高的成熟度，与其它地区不同，研究区石英砂岩具有良好的储集性能，其主要原因是由于石英砂岩中石英颗粒内具有高密度原生微裂缝，这些原生裂缝在沉积后成岩过程中可能闭合，但在后期的构造挤压背景下石英砂岩的脆性特性及破碎颗粒容易导致大量裂缝发育，裂缝的发育同时促进原生裂缝充填物和粒间填屑物的溶蚀，形成以裂缝为主的孔隙性储层。在研究区具有裂缝的石英颗粒并不局限在石英砂岩，我们推测具有裂缝的石英与物源有关。

Characteristics of Quartz Sandstones and Its Reservoir Significance of Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba Area,Northeastern Sichuan Basin

In recent years,much more tight-gas of the late Triassic Xujiahe Formation are discovered in Yuanba which is located in the northeastern Sichuan foreland basin in China,Sichuan Basin is about 1.9×106 km2 that evolved into foreland basin from Paleozoic platform in late Triassic.The basin is surrounded by the Longmen thrust belt(west),Jiangnan uplift(east),Michang-Daba thrust belt(north) and Kangdian uplift(south).The provenance of Yuanba sedimentary rock come from Michang thrust belt,and the main sedimentary types are nonmarine braided delta and shallow lake Facies in Xujiahe Formation that can be divided into 5 rock section,Tx1,Tx3,Tx5 is shallow lake mud-siltstone and lateral continues,Tx2,Tx4 are sandstones deposited by braided river delta.Braided channels sandstones are developed extremely and overlap each other in vertical and continuous distribution.These characters are similar to the other areas of Sichuan basin. But quartz sandstones are found first in the upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan basin.Quartz sandstones are distributed at the bottom of Tx1 and interlayer Tx2 of Xujiahe in Yuanba,these quartz sandstones occurrence is particular that occur in unconformable surface of Tx1 and on the top of two layers lithic arenites of Tx2 that are composed of three rock section(Tx 12 sandstone,Tx12 mud-siltstone and Tx32 sandstone).Results of our study point out that quartz sandstones are different depositional environment from lithic sandstones below which belong to deltaic deposits widely in high-stand and early regressive systems tracts,whereas quartz sandstones are deposited in beach or tidal environment when the sea level rise rapidly,our analysis shows that quartz sandstones beach are long and narrow parallel to shoreline,and may be controlled by Michang Mount foredeep belt,but lithic sandstones braided delta below extend from north to south perpendicular to shoreline. Quartz arenites are easily recognized with lower GR log than other sandstones,and mainly very fine sands(Tx1) to fine sands(Tx2) with little clay or matrix grains,and have mature compositional and textural maturity.Quartz sandstones thickness is about 10 to 15 m in the study area. Because of strong digenesis process(Mesogenesis to Telogenesis),Xujiahe sandstones are tight-gas reservoir with porosity ranging from 5.0%~11.0% and average permeability 1.9×10-3μm2.According to much more casting thin-section,the primary pores little occur in all kinds of sandstones.The secondary pores are major pore types that come from dissolution of minerals and fragments.Generally there are a few quartz sandstones reservoirs developed in Xujiahe Fm.but they have better reservoir conditions in Yuanba area because high density protogenetic fissure are developed in quartz grains of quartz sandstones,and these protogenetic fissure may be closed in diagenetic processes after deposition.When tectonic extrusion stress occur,new much fissures are produced and old reopened in quartz sandstones because quartz sandstones with cracks are easily broken,and immensely increase cracks density.Meanwhile,these fissures also induce a lot of dissolution process that improve porosity and connectivity of quartz sandstones reservoirs.According to casting thin-sections,the main pore types of quartz sandstones are fissures that include long newborn cracks and short protogenetic cracks,and the secondly pore types are corrosion pores that distributed along fractures. Our analysis shows quartz sandstones as reservoirs related to provenance come from Michang thrust belt,quartz grains with cracks are not only in quartz sandstones,but also other kinds of sandstones for example lithic sandstones have quartz mineral with cracks in Yuanba area,so crack quartz maybe come from ancient source rocks.