生态补偿方式对农户生计资本的影响分析

随着生态补偿研究的不断深入与生态补偿工程的广泛实施, 提高了人们对于环境问题的认识, 遏制了生态脆弱地区环境的进一步退化.实施生态补偿的环境保护作用显而易见, 不乏论述, 但对于改善农户生计水平, 提高生计资本的效用却鲜有论及.从农户生计入手, 评估农户的生计资本, 量化实施生态补偿对农户生计资本的影响, 分析生态补偿方式对农户生计资本的影响作用, 有利于揭示与评估生态补偿实施的有效性.对于地处黑河流域中游地区的张掖市来讲, 可以通过提高人力资本、 物质资本和金融资本的水平, 从而整体上提高农户的生计资本水平. 政策支持和资金支持两种补偿方式被多数农户作为首先的补偿方式, 而将物质支持作为首先的补偿方式人数较少; 技术补偿和物质补偿对物质资本、 物质补偿和政策补偿对社会资本显著, 且对于各生计资本的组份有正向拉动作用. 此外, 尝试分析了对各种补偿方式对生计资本拉动作用原因的推断.

Impact of the Ecological Compensation Pattern on Livelihood Capital of Farmers

Along with the deepened research of ecological compensation and widely carrying out ecological compensation,people’s environmental consciousness is enhancing,and the environment degradation tendency in ecologically vulnerable areas is keeping down.The effect of implementation of ecological compensation on the environmental protection is obvious.However,it is still rarely discussed that how to improve farmers’ livelihood level and how to improve the livelihood capital’s utilization.In view of farmers’ livelihood,assessing the farmer’s livelihood capital and quantifying the effect of the ecological compensation on farmer households’ livelihood capital,quantificat evaluation of the effect of ecological compensation on farmer households’ livelihood capital is helpful to reveal and assess the effectiveness of the implementation of ecological compensation.For Zhangye Municipality,which is located in middle reaches of the Heihe River,the overall level of farmer’s livelihood can be improved through enhancing human capital,material capital and financial capital levels.Most farmers would like policy and financial supports as the compensation,and a few farmers would like material support.The enhanced effect of technical and material compensation on material capital and the material compensation and policy compensation effect on social capital are significant.However,the effect on the whole livelihood capital does not obvious.Finally,the reasons causing the impact of various compensation patterns on livelihood capital are analyzed.