三江源地区气候变化及其对生态环境的影响

利用EOF等方法通过计算 1 96 2～ 2 0 0 1年 4 0年来三江源地区 1 6个气象台站气温、降水、蒸发资料 ,分析了三江源地区近 4 0年来气候变化的异常特征及其对生态环境的影响 ,结果表明 :三江源地区气候变化表现为气温升高、降水减少和蒸发增大的干旱化气候变化趋势 ,同时 ,在气候干旱化和人为活动的影响下出现了草场退化、湖泊萎缩、河流流量减少、土壤沙化和水土流失等生态环境荒漠化问题。

Climatic Changes over Headwater of the Three-River-Area and Its Effect on Ecological Environment

Based on the data of air temperature,precipitation and evaporation at 16 meteorological stations in the headwater of the three-river-area from 1962 to 2001, the abnormal character of climate changes in recent 40 years and its effect on ecological environment are analyzed. The results show that air temperature appears to be an increasing tendency,precipitation is reducing and evaporation is increasing in the region. At the same time,arid climate and artificial activity leads to the hungriness of ecological environment,such as degenerating of the pastures,shrinking of the lakes,decrement of flow curve,deserting and losing of water and soil etc.