敦煌月牙泉湖水位下降治理研究

敦煌鸣沙山月牙泉以“山泉共处，沙水共生”的奇妙景观著称于世，被誉为“塞外风光之一绝”，是甘肃省著名风景名胜区。但从20世纪70年代中期开始，由于党河水库的修建，河道断流，地下水补给量减少，区域地下水位下降，引起月牙泉湖水位急剧下降，泉湖底多次部分露出水面，造成周围地质环境恶化，严重影响敦煌旅游业的发展，引起社会广泛关注。自1986年开始，有关部门多次对月牙泉湖实施抢救措施。笔者阐述了月牙泉湖水文地质条件、水位下降的原因及治理过程，运用FEFLOW软件模拟分析预测月牙泉湖不同治理方案情况下，月牙泉湖水位及面积变化情况。2018年4月，月牙泉湖治理工程实施后，月牙泉湖水面逐渐上升扩大，效果良好。月牙泉湖水位下降治理的成功经验对于西北干旱地区环境治理与修复具有典型的示范和推广价值。

Study on Water Level Decline Control of Yueyaquan Lake in Dunhuang

Mingsha mountain and Yueyaquan lake in the city of Dunhuang are famous for their wonderful landscapes of “coexistence of mountains and springs, symbiosis of sand and water”. They are known as “one of the most beautiful scenery outside the Great Wall” and are famous scenic spots in Gansu province. However, since the mid–1970s, due to the construction of the Danghe reservoir, the river was cut off, the groundwater replenishment was reduced, and the regional groundwater level dropped, causing the water level of the Yueyaquan lake to drop sharply and the bottom of the spring lake had repeatedly partially exposed to the surface of the water, causing the deterioration of the surrounding geological environment, seriously affecting the development of Dunhuang’s tourism industry, and causing widespread concern in the society. Since 1986, relevant departments have implemented multiple rescue measures on Yueyaquan lake. This paper describes the hydrogeological conditions of Yueyaquan lake, the causes of water level decline and the treatment process, FEFLOW software is used to simulate, analyze and predict the different treatment scenarios of the Yueyaquan Lake, changes in water level and area of the Lake. After the implementation of the Yueyaquan lake treatment project in April 2018, the water surface of the Yueyaquan lake has gradually risen and expanded, with good results. The successful experience in the treatment of the decline in the water level of the Yueyaquan lake has a typical demonstration and promotion value for environmental treatment and restoration in the arid area of Northwest China.