热液源研究的重要进展和“三源”交代热液成矿学说

热液来源在很大程度上决定了热液矿床的成因。过去由于缺乏研究热液来源的有效手段使矿床成因长期争论不休。近３０年来，热液水和成矿物质来源都有较好的测定方法，如热液的δ￣（１８）Ｏ、δＤ的测定，根据围岩的δ￣（１８）Ｏ变化、热液矿床的地理位置与热液水的δ￣（１８）Ｏ和δＤ的关系、流体包裹体的成分、矿床分布与围岩含水性的关系等确定热液水的类型和来源，根据围岩中成矿金属含量的变化而确定矿质来源等。这样在热液来源方面取得了一系列重要成果，在此基础上提出了热驱动对流循环成矿模式，进而发展为“三源”交代热液成矿学说。并根据新学说总结出新的成矿规律，建立了新的在实践中有明显效果的预测方法。但这方面的研究还刚刚开始，许多重要的成矿问题尚待研究。

THE SIGNIFICANT RESEARCH PROGRESS OF THE SOURCE OF HYDROTHERMAL SOLUTION AND “TRIPLE-SOURCE”METASOMATIC HYDROTHERMAL METALLOGENY

The source of hydrothermal solutions is one of the cruxes of the genesis of hy-drothermal deposits. In the past, as one of the important reasons,because of lack of effec-tive means to study the source of hydrothermal fluids the genesis of hydrothermal depositshas been a problem long in dispute.In the last 30 years the rapid development of high-pre-cise and rapid analytical techniques enable us to create reliable methods to determine thesources of hydrothermal solutions and ore-forming elements.Following methods are usu-ally used:(1) determination (or calculation) of δ￣(18)O and δD of hydrothermal solution;(2) δ￣(18)O variations of country rocks;(3) relationship between the geographic position ofhydrothermal deposits and the δ￣(18)O and δD compositions of hydrothermal fluids;(4) com-positions of fluid inclusions;(5)relationship between the distribution of hydrothermal de-posits and the water content of country rocks;(6) variation of ore-forming elements incountry rocks.Utilizing the above-mentioned methods a series of important results on thesources of hydrothermal solutions have been obtained.On the basis of above studies,aheat-driven convective circulation metallogenic model was proposed,which has been pro-ceed to the “triple-source” metasomatic hydrothermal metallogeny.According to this the-ory,new prognostic criteria and metallogenic regularity have been established which havebeen used successfully in the ore prospecting practise.However,research in this field isstill at the beginning stage,many important metallogenic problems need to be solved.