中国海洋产业空间集聚及其协调发展研究

产业集聚是经济活动最突出的地理特征,对陆域产业集聚的研究由来已久,而对海洋产业空间集聚问题的探讨尚处起步阶段。基于海洋经济地理视角,首先依系统论观点,对区域海洋产业集聚的空间结构层次及其相互关系进行了简要分析,省际尺度的海洋产业空间结构的研究处于“承上启下”的地位;在此基础上运用区位熵对沿海11省市区海洋产业的集聚程度进行测度,并描述了1996~2012年空间集聚变化特征,研究发现,近17年中国沿海地区海洋产业的集聚过程大致可以分为3个阶段,并已形成了4个较强集聚区,即天津、上海、福建、海南;产业集聚带来发展的同时也会增加对区域资源环境的压力,文中进而运用耦合协调度模型对4个地区2001~2012年海洋产业-资源环境复合系统的协调程度进行了测度,结果表明,目前4个地区均处于中级协调阶段。

Spatial Agglomeration of Marine Industries and Region Coordinated Development in China

Industrial agglomeration is the most prominent geographical feature of economic activity. But the discussion on the marine industrial agglomeration is still in its infancy. This article focuses on the interprovincial scale, which is a relative macro study in comparison with the most research in agglomeration. From the perspective of marine economic geography and based on the related viewpoints of system theory, the article analyzes the spatial structure gradation of regional marine industrial agglomeration of China, and observes the relationship of all the components at the same time. It turns out that the interprovincial scale research should be considered as playing the role of “nexus”. Then it has measured the agglomeration degree of marine industries in 11 coastal provinces(Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan excluding ) by employing location quotient, using the original data mainly from Marine Statistical Yearbook of China, and also has described the agglomeration evolution characteristics during 1996-2012. It can be discovered that the agglomeration has experienced three stages in the past sixteen years: the differentiation of agglomeration degree appeared in the first stage of 1996-2000, and increased gradually during the second stage of 2001-2005, and in the recent seven years: 2006-2012, especially during 2009-2012, was very remarkable. As a result, one half of the coastal areas in China, Tianjin, Shanghai, Fujian, Hainan, Shandong and Guangdong, have been growing up into agglomeration areas. Moreover, compared with other agglomeration areas, the former four areas have been showing the higher location quotient value and the tendency of agglomeration enhancing. Studies have indicated that the formation and development of agglomeration will further promote the development of the industries and the economics, which has been demonstrated by the researchers related at home and abroad. However, in the meanwhile, the unfavorable factors will accumulate simultaneously, especially those which will cause vicious consequences to the environment. Consequently, according to the literatures, a model has been made to study quantitively the coupling coordination degree of two systems in Tianjin, Shanghai, Fujian and Hainan: the marine industrial system and the marine resources and region environment system (a compound system). The study has indicated that in 2001-2012, the coupling coordination degree of the compound system in the four agglomeration areas has been rising constantly and showing an upward tendency. According to the grade of coupling coordination degree, the compound systems of the four areas are all in the condition of incoordination before 2006 and in the condition of coordination after 2006. At present, all of the compound systems of the four agglomeration areas are being in the stage of medium coordination.