英国“捕捞配额蹦跳案”判例评述

自欧盟共同渔业政策实施以来,英国遇到了严重的"捕捞配额蹦跳"问题。为解决此问题,英国通过立法改变了渔船取得英国国籍的条件,但却被欧盟法院和英国法院裁定违反欧盟法,并对由此给受害方造成的损失负有国家赔偿责任。此案是具有宪法性质的判例,揭示了欧盟法和成员国法的上下位关系、英国法院借助欧盟法院的初裁可偶尔挑战英国议会法、捕捞渔业权是一种特殊的物权类型、成员国承担国家赔偿责任的要件以及欧盟委员会作为欧共体条约守护者的重要地位。另外,该案也显示了西班牙渔业界应对世界海洋渔业管理体制变革和欧盟政治经济一体化的能力。

Review of British Fisheries Cases: Fishing Quota Hopping

Since the Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union(EU) was implemented,the United Kingdom(UK) has confronted a serious problem of fishing quota hopping.To resolve this problem,the UK made new laws to change the nationality condition of British fishing-vessels.However,the European Court of Justice(ECJ) and the UK courts ruled that these laws were not compatible with the EC laws and that the UK government should pay damages to the injured parities.The series cases of quota hopping are a constitutional precedent and reveal that the EC laws are superior to the UK laws,that the UK court may occasionally challenge the Acts of the UK Parliament through the preliminary ruling decided by the ECJ,that fishing rights are a special type of property rights,that certain requirements for State liability to pay damages shall be met,and the EU Commission is the important watchdog for the EU Treaties.The series of cases on quota hopping also show Spanish fishing industry‘s success in adapting to the changes of management regimes of world fisheries and to the political and economic integration of the EU.