中蒙边境及邻区斑岩型铜矿床地质特征及成因

依据金属矿床围岩岩性组合和成矿作用特征，将中蒙边境及邻区分布的斑岩铜矿床(点)划分为3种类型：①加里东期经典型斑岩铜矿床(点)；②海西期经典型和火山岩型斑岩铜矿床；③燕山期深成岩型和火山岩型斑岩铜矿床。在较详细剖析各类金属矿床(点)基本地质特征的基础上，划分了9个矿化集中区，并讨论了区域地壳演化与金属成矿作用的关系。研究结果表明，尽管研究区内的金属矿床(点)成矿作用分别发生在加里东期、海西期和燕山期，但是大规模成矿作用发生的时问与海西期板块构造活动的高峰期相吻合，是地壳特定演化阶段构造一岩浆活动的产物。

Geological Features and Origin of Porphyry Copper Deposits in China-Mongolia B order Region and Its Neighboring Areas

The China-Mongolia border region and its neighboring areas are located at the convergence zone of Siberian platform, Tarim plate and North China craton, and serve as one of the most important copper metallogenic provinces in the world. Deep-seated faults, Paleozoic igneous rocks and porphyry copper deposits (ore spots) are well developed in this region due to the multiphase Paleozoic orogenic events. The porphyry copper deposits there can be classified into three types in terms of their host rocks and ore-forming periods: (1) Caledonian classic porphyry copper deposits, (2) Hercynian classic and volcanic porphyry copper deposits, and (3) Yanshanian plutonic and volcanic porphyry copper deposits. Based on systematic studies of the representative porphyry copper deposits, the authors have recognized nine mineralization concentration camps, i.e., southern margin of Altay Mountain (A), Kuruktag (B), Beishan Mountain (C), Oyu Tolgoi-Tsagaan Suvarga (D), Bainaimiao-Gunawusu (E), Erenhot-Dong Ujimqin Qi (F), Duobaoshan-Tongshan (G), Wunugetu-Badaguan (H) and Lianhuashan-Budunhua (I). Among these nine camps, porphyry copper deposits occurring within Camps D and G are spatially and temporally associated with Caledonian granitoid porphyry intrusions, whereas the deposits located in Camps A, B, C, D and F are related to Hercynian granitoid porphyry intrusions. In contrast, the porphyry copper deposits of Camps H and I occur generally within the Yanshanian granitod porphyry intrusions and their wall rocks. The relationship between the crustal evolution and the metallogney can be summarized as follows: (1) in Early Paleozoic stage, Caledonian tectono-magmatism caused by early subduction of ancient Mongolian oceanic plate and North China craton resulted in the formation of several classic porphyry copper deposits; (2) in Late Paleozoic stage, a great number of classic and volcanic porphyry copper deposits were formed by Hercynian tectono-magmatism due to the multiple collision and subduction of various plates and blocks; (3) in Mesozoic stage, some plutonic and volcanic porphyry copper deposits were genetically related to the emplacement of Yanshanian granitoids caused by the remobilization of the early-formed deep-seated faults and basements. Systematic geological investigations on the base metal resources of this region indicate that, although the wall rocks of these copper deposits vary from place to place, most of them have an intimate relationship with the Hercynian tectonism and magmatism. Geological and geochemical features of these deposits have aroused interests among geologists both in China and abroad. An integrated analysis of the geological setting and geological-geochemical features of these deposits and their related wall rocks would greatly upgrade the understanding of the ore-forming processes of porphyry copper deposits. Meanwhile, the genetic model and mineral exploration criteria of these metallic deposits can also be used to make comprehensive evaluation of concealed copper deposits in the China-Mongolia border region and its neighboring areas.