干旱区融雪径流模拟的研究进展与展望

融雪径流模拟是干旱区水文水资源研究的热点问题,对干旱区春季融雪洪水风险评估和流域水资源管理至关重要。结合文献查询及资料分析,重点讨论了不同类型融雪径流模型的特征和发展情况,比较了不同融雪径流模型在干旱区一些典型河流的应用情况,并对其功能及优缺点进行了评估。结合对目前流域融雪径流模拟研究中存在的问题的分析,提出未来融雪径流模拟要注重提高数据分辨率的观点。借助多源遥感数据驱动获取更为精确的输入数据,在数据获取难度减小、精度提高的基础上山区融雪径流模拟将更多地以基于能量平衡的物理性模拟为主。模型的构建要充分考虑由气候变暖所带来的其它参数的变化,精确描述山区融雪过程,以提高对融雪径流的模拟精度。

Study of snowmelt runoff simulation in arid regions: progress and prospect

The snowmelt runoff simulation is a hot issue in the study of hydrology and water resources in arid regions.It is very important for the snowmelt flood risk assessment and the basin water resources management.Based on literature search and data analysis,the characteristics and development of snowmelt runoff models are discussed,and the application of different snowmelt runoff models in some typical river basins in arid regions are compared.The function and advantages/disadvantages of various models are evaluated.It is proposed that the future snowmelt runoff simulation should pay more attention to data resolution,and more accurate snow information can be obtained by multi-source remote sensing data driving.Under the more easily available data and the improvement of data accuracy,a spatially distributed snowmelt runoff simulation will be more based on energy balance.In order to improve the accuracy of snowmelt runoff simulation,the construction of the model should fully consider the change of parameters caused by climate warming.The model should be constructed with the consideration of the change of other parameters caused by climate warming and accurately describing the process of snow melting to improve the simulation accuracy of snowmelt runoff.