基于Sentinel-2影像的东寨港国家级自然保护区景观格局变化及其驱动力研究

文章以东寨港国家级自然保护区及1 km外围地带为研究区域，选取2017—2021年的Sentinel-2遥感影像数据，采用人机交互方式解译景观类型，计算景观格局指数，进而对比分析5年期间保护区内外的景观格局变化情况及其主要驱动力。结果表明：（1）在保护区内，红树林湿地面积呈现上升趋势，林地面积有所减少，养殖水面面积显著减少；保护区景观连通性较好、碎度较低，其中红树林为优势景观。（2）在外围地带，红树林湿地面积有所增加，林地面积有所减少，养殖水面和建筑面积均减少，但耕地面积有所增加；与保护区相比，景观破碎化程度较高、连接度与整体性较差。（3）红树林生态保护修复活动是保护区景观格局发生显著变化的主要驱动力，而养殖、建筑等人类活动是改变外围地带景观格局的主要因素。研究结果对于优化保护区的保护管理和加强外围地带的人类活动管控具有参考价值。

Landscape Pattern Changes in Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve Based on Sentinel-2 Images and Its Driving Forces

This paper takes Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve and 1 km peripheral zone as the study area, selects Sentinel-2 remote sensing image data from 2017-2021, decodes landscape types using human-computer interaction, calculates landscape pattern index, and then compares and analyzes the landscape pattern changes inside and outside the reserve during the 5-year period and its main driving forces. The results show that (1) within the protected area, the mangrove wetland area shows an increasing trend, the woodland area decreases, and the cultured water area decreases significantly; the protected area has better landscape connectivity and lower fragmentation, among which mangrove is the dominant landscape. (2) In the peripheral zone, the area of mangrove wetlands has increased, the area of woodland has decreased, the area of cultured water surface and construction area have decreased, but the area of cultivated land has increased; compared with the protected area, the landscape fragmentation is higher and the connectivity and integrity are poor. (3) Mangrove ecological conservation and restoration activities were the main drivers of significant changes in the landscape pattern of the protected area, while human activities such as farming and construction were the main factors that changed the landscape pattern of the peripheral zone. The results of the study are of reference value for optimizing the conservation management of the reserve and strengthening the control of human activities in the peripheral zone.