基于陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价方法探讨

海洋、海岸带蕴含的资源丰富，与人类生存发展息息相关。近年来，随着海洋经济的迅速增长，自然岸线和滨海湿地面积减少、生物多样性降低、典型生态系统受损、近岸海域灾害频发、渔业资源减少等问题日益显现。如何从战略高度提升海洋经济，开发和保护并举，确保海岸带、海洋资源取用合理是新时代的重要课题。陆地和海洋是生态系统不可分割的组成部分，开展陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价是衡量区域经济发展与生态环境是否协调可持续发展的有效途径。文章系统地梳理了承载力概念的发展历程，对比了常用的海洋资源环境承载力评价方法，初步构建了陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价指标体系，并提出使用熵值法来确定指标权重，采用状态空间评价模型或TOPSIS模型进行承载力综合评价，可以体现陆地和海洋相互影响、相互制约的关系，并具有较强的可操作性，评价结果可以反映区域资源环境承载力的空间差异或随时间变化情况，能够为海洋和海岸带保护利用提供有效借鉴。

Discussion on Evaluation Method of Resources and Environmental Carrying Capacity Based on Sea-Land Coordination

The ocean and coastal zones are rich in resources and closely related to human survival and development. In recent years, with the rapid growth of the ocean economy, issues such as the reduction of natural coastlines and coastal wetlands, decreased biodiversity, damaged typical ecosystems, frequent coastal disasters, and declining fishery resources have become increasingly apparent. How to enhance the ocean economy from a strategic perspective, promote both development and protection, and ensure the rational use of coastal zones and marine resources is an important issue in the new era. Land and ocean are inseparable components of the ecosystem, and conducting a comprehensive assessment of the resource and environmental carrying capacity of land and sea is an effective way to measure whether regional economic development and ecological environment are coordinated and sustainable. This paper systematically reviews the development process of the carrying capacity concept, compares commonly used methods for evaluating the resource and environmental carrying capacity of marine resources, preliminarily constructs an index system for evaluating the carrying capacity of marine resources based on land-sea coordination, proposes the use of entropy method to determine index weights, and adopts a state space evaluation model or TOPSIS model for comprehensive carrying capacity evaluation. This approach can reflect the interdependence and mutual constraints between land and ocean, and has strong operability. The evaluation results can reflect the spatial differences or temporal changes in the carrying capacity of regional resources and environment, and provide effective reference for the protection and utilization of oceans and coastal zones.