中国3A级以上旅游景区空间集聚特征研究

基于中国3 228个3A级以上旅游景区数据分析其空间集聚特征。结果表明,中国3A级以上旅游景区具有典型的“类型极化、区域分化、板块集聚”的分布特征,胡焕庸线两侧景区密度悬殊;中东部地区为凝聚-随机分布,西部地区为凝聚分布,不同区域发育主题和特色不同;5A级景区集聚在经济发达地区,4A级景区沿黄河、长江集中分布,3A级景区多处于东部滨海沿线;历史知名度、自然地理环境、人口经济规模、交通区位条件、审批标准、效仿发展等因素影响较大,循环累积效应显著。据此提出“区域平衡、跨区协调、分类优化”的发展建议。

Spatial Agglomeration Characteristics of from 3A-class to 5A-class Scenic Spots in China

Tourism scenic spots are indicative indicators for the development of China’s tourism industry. Research on spatial distribution of tourism scenic spots has great significance for the optimization of regional tourism development. Based on the data of 3 228 more than 3A-class tourist scenic areas (spots) in China Hongkong, Macou and Taiwan are excluded, using the method of kernel density, average nearest neighbor, spatial analysis and other methods, this article analyze the level, type, the geographical distribution of the scenic spots in China. Research shows that China’s more than 3A-class tourism scenic spots have typical characteristics of type polarizable, regional differentiation and plate agglomeration. There is a great disparity in the density of scenic spots on both sides of the Hu line. There are a lot of scenic spots in half of the country in the Southeast especially in the Beijing Tianjin area, the Pan Yangtze River Delta city group, the Pearl River Delta city group, the Chengdu Chongqing Region, while the northwest and northeastern regions are less distributed. The distribution of tourism attractions in the middle east and western regions is extremely unbalanced. The middle east regions present between cluster and random distribution, while western regions is characterized by significant cluster characteristics. Different levels of tourist attractions show a different distribution structure. The spatial distribution of 5A-class tourist attractions in China is ‘cross-shaped’, including the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region which is centered on Beijing and the Yangtze River Delta, on Shanghai especially in the Yangtze River Delta. The distribution characteristics of China’s 4A-class tourist attractions along the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, are more obvious, which is showing the distribution characteristics of ‘two lines and two pieces’. The distribution of the 3A-class scenic spots in China is characterized by the linear distribution along the coastline and the agglomeration of the Chengdu and Chongqing Region. In addition, the distribution characteristics in different types of scenic spots in the three regions of China show great differences and different characteristics. The distributed diversity are related to the forming factors of scenic spots including historical popularity, quality of tourism resources, geographical environment, level of population economic development, historical and cultural district, traffic conditions and other factors. In the future, the development strategy should be optimized with regional balance, cross district coordination and classification optimization.