慕士塔格山卡尔塔马克冰川补给径流与非冰川补给径流水化学特征及主控因素研究

2016年7~8月对慕士塔格山卡尔塔马克冰川补给径流与非冰川补给径流进行了采样分析，通过统计分析、主成分分析、Piper图、Gibbs图、正演模型等方法分析了冰川补给径流和非冰川补给径流的水化学特征及其主控因素。结果表明：冰川补给径流和非冰川补给径流两种水体均呈碱性，水化学类型皆为Ca²⁺-SO₄^2--HCO₃^-，但冰川补给径流和非冰川补给径流的pH值、EC和TDS均存在显著差异（p<0.05），主要离子浓度间均存在极显著差异（p<0.01）。冰川补给径流中所有离子具有同源性，而非冰川补给径流NO₃^-显示出与其它离子来源不同。正演模型结果显示，大气输入、硅酸盐风化、碳酸盐风化和蒸发岩溶解对冰川补给径流和非冰川补给径流中离子浓度的贡献率分别为10.47%、0.55%、65.61%、23.37%和1.52%、19.57%、60.37%、18.54%。在冰川补给径流中，碳酸盐风化对径流中离子浓度的贡献占主导地位，蒸发岩溶解占次要地位；在非冰川补给径流中，碳酸盐风化亦占主要支配地位，而硅酸盐风化占次要地位。两者差异的原因是硅酸盐风化相比蒸发岩溶解更难进行，冰川补给径流中水岩相互作用时间较短，故硅酸盐风化贡献率较低；而非冰川补给径流经过更充分的水岩相互作用，故硅酸盐风化贡献率较高。其成果可为西部地区水资源管理应用提供参考。

Hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors of the glacierized and non-glacier runoff in the Kaltamac Glacier area of Muztagata Mountain

Water samples of the Kaltamac glacier runoff and the non-glacier runoff were collected during July to August in 2016,meanwhile,statistically analysis,principle component analysis,Piper figure,Gibbs figure and forward model were conducted thereafter to analyze the hydrochemistry characteristics and identify the major ion sources of the two runoff water samples.Results showed that the two types of water are both alkaline,and the hydrochemical types included Ca²⁺-HCO₃^--SO₄^2-.However,pH,EC,TDS and major ions of the two water samples showed significant differences that the non-glacier runoff always showed higher values than the glacier runoff.All the ions showed similar source in glacier runoff while NO₃^- showed different source in the non-glacier runoff compared to other ions.Result of forward model showed that the contribution of atmospheric input,silicate weathering,carbonate weathering,and evaporite dissolution to the ion concentrations of the glacier and the non-glacier runoff were 10.47%,0.55%,65.61%,23.37% and 1.52%,19.57%,60.37%,18.54%,respectively.It can be seen that the ion concentrations of the glacier runoff was mainly affected by carbonate weathering,followed by the dissolution of evaporite; the ion concentrations of the non-glacier runoff was mainly affected by carbonate weathering,followed by the silicate weathering.The reason for the difference is that silicate weathering was more difficult to proceed than evaporite dissolution.The water-rock interaction time of the glacier runoff was shorter,so the contribution of silicates weathering was lower; while the water-rock interaction time of the non-glacier runoff was longer,so that the silicate weathering contribution is higher.This study can provide guidelines for water resource management for western regions in China.