城市土地利用/覆盖变化与热环境生态调控研究进展与展望

城市土地利用/覆盖变化(LUCC)与热环境生态调控是城市生态学和城市气候适应性关注的热点问题。在提出城市LUCC/空间结构与生态服务热调节功能连接的重要性的基础上,综述了城市土地利用变化、城市绿色基础设施在热岛减缓和气候适应性发挥的作用,评述了观测实验、定量遥感和过程模型方面以及热调控的进展情况。基于此认为,局地或区域尺度城市高精度结构组分高精度遥感探测方法、城市高精度下垫面多尺度(功能区/覆盖组分/构造或材质等)对局地气温和辐射能量平衡影响机理和定量贡献识别、城市生态系统热调节功能的城市地表结构组分调控阈值确定、以及区域或全球尺度城市土地利用/覆盖变化影响的生物地球物理机制定量化认知等,是未来重要的发展方向。

Advance and Future Prospects of Urban Land Use/Cover Change and Ecological Regulation of Thermal Environment

Urban land use/cover change (LUCC) and ecological regulation on thermal environment are hot topics of urban ecology and climate adaptation. This study proposed the significances in linking urban LUCC/spatial structure with the thermal regulation of ecological services. In this paper, the research progress of urban LUCC, the role of urban green infrastructure in heat island mitigation and climate adaptability, the integration of observational experiments, quantitative remote sensing, quantitative modeling of process models, and ecological regulation of thermal environment are reviewed. On this basis, a remotely sensed detection methods on urban structure components with high-precision at local or regional scales was proposed. We advanced synchronically implement field observation with satellite transits (e.g., Landsat 8, MODIS) and remotely sensed retrieval of micro-climate, eddy covariance, land surface temperature and other parameters along an urban-rural gradient in metropolitan area. The integration of these parameters into EcoCity V1.0 will be used to examine the mechanisms of the impacts of impervious surface area and green space components, their radiation and surface heat fluxes, and anthropenic heat sources on urban thermal environment, and to analyze the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of urban heat island effect induced by urban expansion of different city sizes and configuration. The impacts of urban high-precision underlying surface with multi-scale (functional zones/land-cover components/configuration and material, etc.) on local air temperature, and radiation and energy budget, the regulating threshold of urban surface structure components for alleviating urban heat island, and the quantitative knowledge of influence of urban LUCC on biogeophysical mechanisms at regional and global scales will be the important prospective contents in the future. So, the effective linking between spatial planning with urban ecology and urban climate will be of significance in this field. The overarching objectives of this study are to identify the ecological threshold on regulating urban underlyding impervious surface area and green space component for alleviating extreme weather heat and improving human comfortability aiming to UN Sustainable Development Goals 2030. This research will promote our understanding of the urban biophysical mechanisms of the urban thermal environment and provide the scientific fundamentals in building livable urban environment and urban ecology security.