利用瞬变电磁和多频电磁方法监测地下水位及其对Hawara遗址的影响

利用瞬变电磁（TEM）和地面电磁（GEM）方法,本文研究了埃及Hawara遗址区的地下水对遗址的影响.这个遗址包括Hawara金字塔、北区墓地、以及被称作“迷宫”的南区墓葬场所.现今Hawara遗址已经完全荒废,被耕作区和Bahr Wahba运河包围.地表水和地下水会破坏Hawara金字塔和“迷宫”遗址的地基,现在金字塔入口已被淹没至地面下约6 m深处.本文在耕作区、金字塔以及“迷宫”等三个地区进行了TEM勘察;在“迷宫”地区进行了GEM勘察.综合分析以上两种勘察数据,我们发现,农业灌溉是浸入到地下的水的主要来源;本地区地下水位随着观测点及海拔的不同,在地面以下2~7 m之间变化.

MAPPING OF SUBSOIL WATER LEVEL AND ITS IMPACTS ON HAWARA ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE BY TRANSIENT AND MULTI-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC SURVEY

Transient ElectroMagnetic (TEM) sounding and Ground ElectroMagnetic (GEM) profiling have been conducted at Hawara archeological area, El Fayoum, Egypt to investigate the subsurface water and its effect on the archeological targets at this area. This archeological site comprises Hawara pyramid, the northern necropolis and a southern mortuary complex called labyrinth. Nowadays Hawara area is entirely abandoned and surrounded by cultivated areas, as well as, a surface water canal named Bahr Wahba. The surface and underground water bodies have negative effects on the foundation of Hawara pyramid and the labyrinth site, where the entrance of the pyramid is today flooded to a depth of about 6 meters below the ground surface. TEM data have been acquired at three sites in this area comprising the cultivated land, the pyramid and the labyrinth, while the GEM survey was conducted inside the labyrinth site. Integrated interpretation of these data sets indicates that, the agricultural activities and the flooding irrigation system applied to the planted area are the main sources for the water that invades the subsurface section at this area. Moreover, the subsurface water level has been recorded at variable depths ranging from 2 to 7 m below the ground surface according to the measuring site and surface elevation.