酒吧与旅游古镇地方性的建构——以湖南凤凰古城为例

随着全球流动的迅速加快，移动性理论成为解释全球化与地方化冲突的一个有用视角。在第三世界不断蔓延的酒吧消费空间可以看作是移动性的一个重要表征。然而游客带来了旅游目的地变迁，以及西方游客在第三世界国家创立文化飞地的移动性研究结论却无法解释酒吧在中国的古镇不仅成为重要的休闲场所，而且成为了古镇文化的重要组成部分的现象。文章以湖南凤凰古镇为例，运用观察、访谈等定性研究方法探讨酒吧是如何与古镇的地方性相结合的。得出结论如下：1）酒吧起初完全是由游客生产，游客消费的空间是游客在古镇中创造出来的文化飞地；2）由于游客的某些文化行为（绘画、音乐、阅读等）使得古镇叠加了现代文化的地方性，从而与同是现代文化的酒吧相得益彰；3）随着大众游客、组团游客的不断增多，原来的游客关注凤凰古城展现传统文化的习惯已经被打破，组团游客更多地只是对古城匆匆一瞥，更关心的是听觉、嗅觉等身体感觉以及喝醉的放纵感；4）由于漫步的停步与放纵同时汇聚于酒吧，使得游客透过酒吧更好地将身体安放在古镇中，这使得酒吧融入进了古镇中的地方性。综上所述，人与地方的连接是复杂的过程，带有文化与身体2种属性，因为有身体属性的存在，游客对于旅游目的地并不仅仅是审美需求，而酒吧则是在双重属性下连接人与古镇的重要中介。

Influence of Bar on Placeness-Construction in Ancient Travel Town:A Case Study of Fenghuang

With the acceleration of global mobility, the mobility theory has become a valuable perspective to explain the conflict between globalization and localization. Becoming increasingly popular, the consumption space of bar is regarded as a significant representative of mobility in the third world. However, although there are researches discussing the transition of tourist destination and the cultural enclave in the third world resulting from the western tourists, the research results are still hard to explain the emerging phenomenon in China’ ancient town, that bar has become a vital leisure space in ancient town as well as a pivotal component of ancient-town culture. Taking the Ancient Town Fenghuang as an example, this study aims to explore that how bar merges with the localization of the ancient town. And qualitative research methods, including observation and interview, have been used in this study. The main findings of the research are: first, bar is originally created by tourists and this kind of consumption space is totally a cultural enclave in ancient town built up by tourists. Second, tourists’ cultural behaviors (such as painting, music and reading) bring in the elements of modernity into the ancient town, which not only enriches the localization of the ancient town, but also contributes to the development of bar, a product of modern culture, as the amount of mass tourists grows, the travel attractions of ancient town have changed. Third, Tourists are apathy about traditional culture and customs in Ancient Town Fenghuang. Instead, they go after the enjoyment of vision and hearing, in particular, the sense of indulgence after they get drunk. Last but not least, in the bar, people can stop to admire the scenery and indulge themselves at the same time, which contributes tourists to engage themselves in the ancient town and become more relaxing. Because of that, bar become part of the placeness of ancient town. To sum up, it is a complex process to connect people with place, which are with the attributes of both culture and body. Because of the existence of body attribute, the demands of tourist are no longer confined to chasing aesthetics. More importantly, bar, which meets the requirement of dual attributes, has become a crucial intermediary to associate people with place.