南海珊瑚礁经济价值评估

根据已有的基础数据、国外文献资料及野外调查资料，利用生产效益法和数值转移法估算南海珊瑚礁的经济价值（包括渔业经济价值、海岸保护价值、旅游休闲价值、生物多样性价值）以及由于过度捕捞、破坏性捕捞和陆源沉积物污染而造成其经济价值的损失。结果显示：南海珊瑚礁年经济价值为156.5亿元，其中渔业价值占90%，为140.4亿元；其次是海岸保护价值，占5.5%，为8.7亿元；而旅游休闲价值和生物多样性价值分别为5.3亿元和2.1亿元。珊瑚礁如果维持可持续利用的状态，并考虑10%的贴现率，未来20 a珊瑚礁总的经济价值为1 370亿元。由于南海珊瑚礁面临最大的威胁是人类不合理的利用，其对今后20 a珊瑚礁带来的经济损失是258.8亿元，其中因破坏性捕捞造成的损失为249.6亿元，占总经济价值损失的96.4%，而因过度性捕捞和陆源沉积物造成的经济损失分别是3.3亿元和5.9亿元。人类干扰对今后20 a南海珊瑚礁造成的经济价值损失占未来20 a南海珊瑚礁总经济价值的18.98%。

Economic Valuation of the Coral Reefs in South China Sea

Based on the basic data, foreign literature and field data, the economic values (including fishery, coastal protection, tourism and biodiversity) and economic losses (from overfishing, destructive fishing and sedimentation) of the coral reefs in South China Sea are calculated in this paper with the effect of production method and numerical transferring method. The results show that the potential sustainable annual economic value of the coral reefs in South China Sea is RMB 156.5×10⁸ Yuan. Among them, the fishery value attributes 90 percent, which is RMB 140.4×10⁸ Yuan. The coastal protection value is 8.7×10⁸ Yuan, accounting for 5.5 percent of the total. And tourism and biodiversity values are lower, respectively, 5.3×10⁸ Yuan and 2.1×10⁸ Yuan. If we assume that the coral reefs could keep the condition in next 20 years in future with a discount rate of 10 percent per year, the total economic value of the region would be 1 370×10⁸Yuan. As the most prevalent threat to coral reefs in South China Sea is unreasonable use by human beings, the total economic loss in the next 20 years would be 258.8×10⁸ Yuan. Destructive fishing is the activities bringing the most financially detrimental to coral reefs in South China Sea and resulting in massive economic and societal losses, which are estimated to be 249.6×10⁸ Yuan, about 96.4 percent of the whole value loss. Economic damage from overfishing and sedimentation in reefs would be 3.3×10⁸ Yuan and 5.9×10⁸ Yuan, respectively. The overexploitation and overuse of reefs in South China Sea make economic losses sharply, which would reach about 18.98 percent of the total sustainable economic value in the future 20 years.