广州市城乡公共服务设施空间特征及其成因分析

以教育、医疗和文体设施为例，采用Kernel密度分析和通径分析，研究了广州市城乡公共服务设施空间特征及其成因。结果表明：1）城乡聚集水平差异显著，总体上呈核心―边缘圈层结构格局，其中老城区为核心区，新开发区为过渡区，而广大农村区则为边缘区；2）不同类型设施空间格局基本一致，但各具特色，医疗设施密集程度最高，教育设施次之，文体设施最低；3）区际空间分布不均，行政区划烙印明显，越秀、海珠和荔湾区核密度最高，与增城、从化差异显著，行政边界成为Kernel密度等值线连续向外扩展的割裂线；4）通径分析表明，人口因素决定公共服务需求，是影响公共服务空间布局最重要的因素，经济因素决定公共服务供给，防止人口过于集中分布和增加公共服务设施投入是解决广州市公共服务设施城乡分布不均最有效的方法。

Spatial Characteristics and Their Causes of the Urban and Rural Public Service Facilities in Guangzhou

Making a case study on educational, medical, and recreation and sports facilities, this paper explores the spatial characteristics and their causes of urban and rural public service facilities in Guangzhou with the methods of Kernel density analysis and Path analysis. The results indicate that: 1) Spatial pattern of basic public service facilities in Guangzhou follow the laws of core-edge concentric circles structure, the order of facilities density is: core urban areas＞newly-developed urban areas＞urban-rural fringe areas＞rural areas, the emergence of deputy center and exurb makes the pattern change towards a multi-polar direction; 2) Spatial patterns of different types of facilities are basically the same, but have different features, spatial intensity of medical facilities is the highest among the three kinds of facilities, that of educational facilities the next, and that of recreation and sports facilities the lowest; 3) Inter-regional spatial distribution is uneven, showing obvious administrative division mark, spatial intensity of the facilities in Yuexiu, Haizhu and Liwan District is the highest, much differs from that of Zengcheng and Conghua, administrative boundaries become separate lines to prevent Kernel density isolines from unobstructed outward expansion. 4) Results of Path analysis show that the population factor is the most important factor for the equalization of basic public services, other factors in the order of importance are as follows: Infrastructure investment (x₁₀)＞Agriculture as a share of GDP (x₂)＞industrial output (x₃)＞revenue (x₄)＞GDP (x₁)＞level of urbanization (x₉)＞expenditure (x₅)＞Development history (x₁₁)＞Total retail sales of consumer goods (x₇)＞use of foreign direct investment (x₈)> total fixed asset investment (x₆).