国内外体育场地空间布局研究述评

通过梳理和总结国内外体育场地布局相关研究的主要方向和观点，得出中外在该领域研究上存在着以下差异。具体表现为以下3个方面：1）在研究的广度来看：国内学者主要集中于对体育场地布局现状、原则、场馆布局与区域发展关系、布局影响因素等领域的探讨，而国外学者在上述研究的基础之上，进一步对场地布局演进过程、发展趋势、变动成因、以及是否促进区域经济发展等问题进行了深入的研究；2）从研究的方法来看：国外在场地布局更倾向于实证研究，采用动态的分析视角研究场地布局的发展趋势与特征，而我国学者多采用静态方法分析场地布局总体现状问题，以至于无法全面而又深入地阐释场地布局的发展趋势与影响因素，也就无法有效的指导场馆布局实践过程；3）从体育场地布局策略的研究结果来看，国内学者仅限于从目标、模式、原则等方面，探讨如何优化场馆布局，而国外学者则研究了政府利用公共财政、城市发展计划、选址干预措施，以及职业联盟对场地专营权的控制等行为，这对丰富有关优化场地策略的研究具有重要的启示意义。基于以上研究结果，认为我国体育场地空间布局研究应从以下4个方面予以加强：即进一步厘清场地布局与区域城市发展的关系；以静态与动态相结合的方式研究场地布局问题；注重场地空间布局优化策略的研究；完善场地布局的评价方式，提出今后我国体育场地布局研究的发展趋势和具体思路。

Review of the Spatial Distribution of Sports Facilities Research in China and Foreign Countries

This paper summarizes the differences existing in the study of the distribution of sports facilities at home and aboard by studying and analyzing the main trend and views in this field in China and other countries. It is concluded that the differences can be reflected in the following three aspects: 1) As for the breadth of the study, foreign scholars make a further study on the evaluation of sports facilities distribution, the trends, factors of changes, strategy, and whether they promote economic development, while Chinese scholars only focus the study on their current state, principles, relation with regional development, and related factors. 2) In terms of studying methods, foreign scholars pay attention to empirical research and analysis on distribution tends and characteristics of the facilities dynamically, while Chinese scholars generally analyze the overall situations of the distribution statically, so they often fail to make further study on comprehensive explanation of the development trends of the facilities distribution and influencing factors. 3) For study of the distribution strategy of the sports facilities, foreign scholars pay more attention to the macro control actions of the government on the use of the public finance, urban development plan and intervening of site selection, and the employment union’s franchise of the sports facilities, those are of important significance for enrichment of the study of site selection. Chinese scholars only study the goals, model, and principles for optimization of the site selection. From the results above, this paper considers that the study of distribution of sports facilities should focus on the following four aspects: figure out the relation between sports facilities distribution and regional city development, study the distribution of the sports facilities dynamically and statically, pay attention to the optimization strategy of the space layout, and improve the evaluation methods.