新疆台兰河坎儿井式地下水库试验研究

地下水库是水资源人工调蓄研究领域中的热点问题，在水资源开发利用与保护方面都具有独特优势，是实现水资源可持续开发利用的重要途径之一。中国西北干旱半干旱地区山前凹陷带储水构造富含地下水，为地下水库的建设提供了良好的自然条件。本文以新疆温宿县台兰河坎儿井式地下水库试验研究为例，综合分析了研究区水文地质条件，探讨了地下水库运行试验方案，并从补水、取水和输水3个方面分析了建设地下水库的关键技术问题，其中重点介绍了取水试验。结果表明，采用天然的河、沟入渗补水最具有可持续性，利用渗渠入渗效果最好；辐射井取水试验结果表明，地下水库的出水量可达1000m3/h，是普通管井取水能力的4倍，可及时满足取水的需求；输水由正虹吸输水管段和无压输水管段组成，通过总长3.4km的输水管将地下水引出地面，并输送到当地的灌溉渠系之中，在无需耗电的前提下，将地下水库与用户有效衔接起来。现场试验结果表明，坎儿井式地下水库工程是可行的，可以向条件相似的地区推广应用。

A PILOT TEST ON A KAREZ TYPE GROUNDWATER RESERVOIR IN TAILAN RIVER BASIN,XINJIANG, CHINA

Groundwater reservoir is becoming the bright spot in the field of water resources regulation and storage, and has special effect on development, utilization and protection for water resources, it is considered as one of the important ways to realize sustainable development of water resources. Piedmont pluvial fan in arid and semi-arid region is abundant in groundwater, and can provide good natural conditions for groundwater reservoir construction. In this paper, a Karez groundwater reservoir pilot in Wensu, Tailan river catchment, Xinjiang is presented. We analyzed hydrogeological conditions, illustrated the experimental designs, and then discussed some key issues with respect to water replenishment, yield and transport. It is sustainable to recharge with natural rivers and ditches, and it is better for infiltration supplement with seepage pits and channels. Groundwater yield is about 1000m3/h, four times of ordinary tube wells, and the water yield can meet water demand. Groundwater was taken out siphoned pipes and no-presses pipes with a total length of 3.4km, and then transported to irrigation canals without electricity. This groundwater reservoir is equivalent to a surface reservoir with storage capacity of 613×104m3. The results showed that groundwater reservoir is feasible and is recommended in the similar arid areas.