江苏省银行网点分布格局及其影响因素研究

以江苏省为研究对象,基于网络平台的银行网点地理数据,运用最近邻指数、Ripley’s K函数以及多元线性回归等分析方法,分别对五大商业银行、农业金融机构、中小商业银行、江苏地方银行以及外资银行的空间分布特征进行探讨,并揭示不同类型银行网点区位选择的影响因素。研究结果：整体上,江苏省银行网点空间偏向分布差异明显“南多北少”,空间集聚特征显著“城区密集分布和外围分散分布”;不同类型银行由于功能和市场定位的不同,除在城区密集分布的共性外,在城市外围区域的分布密度和服务范围存在较大差异。城市建成区面积、人口规模、人均地区生产总值、规模以上工业企业数量、城镇化率、二三产业产值比重是影响银行网点区位选择的主要因素,但对不同类型银行网点分布的影响程度不同。五大商业银行网点分布倾向于人口规模大、城镇化率高的城市,农业金融机构网点更依赖于农业人口因素,中小商业银行网点偏爱二三产业发达的区域,规模以上工业企业数量对江苏地方银行网点的布局具有显著影响,外资银行主要分布在对外开放程度高和国外资本输入较多的城市。城市行政级别和城市性质等制度因素对农业金融机构、外资银行网点区位选择的影响作用较强。

Distribution Pattern of Banks in Jiangsu Province and Its Influencing Factors

Taking Jiangsu Province as the research object, based on the geographic data of banks on the network platform, using the methods of nearest neighbor index, Ripley's K function and multiple linear regression analysis, this article respectively studies the spatial distribution characteristics of the 5 major commercial banks, agricultural financial institutions, small and medium commercial banks, local banks of Jiangsu and foreign banks, and reveals the influencing factors of location choices of banks. The results show that, the spatial distribution of banks in Jiangsu Province is obviously denser in the south than in the north on the whole. The spatial clustering is characterized by "dense in urban areas and scattered on periphery". Different types of banks are different in terms of functional orientation and market positioning. Thus in addition to the common characteristics in urban area, the density and service range are different in the peripheral area. The proportion of urban built-up area, population size, regional per capita GDP, the number of industrial enterprises above designated size, the urbanization rate and the proportion of the output value of the secondary and tertiary industries are the main factors influencing the location selection of the bank, but their influences vary depending on the nature of different banks. The 5 major commercial banks tend to be located in large-populated, highly urbanized cities, while the agricultural financial institutions are more dependent on agricultural population factors. Small and medium-sized commercial banks prefer to be located in developed areas where the secondary and tertiary thrive. The number of industrial enterprises above designated size has a significant impact on the layout of Jiangsu local banks, while foreign banks are mainly distributed in open cities that are rich in foreign capital. The influence of institutional factors, such as the administrative level and the nature of cities, on the location selection of banks is not prominent.