景观生态学视角下长春城市功能空间耦合特征研究

基于1995年、2003年、2011年长春市土地利用现状图和相关年份统计年鉴,结合ArcGIS10.2和Fragstats3.3技术平台,综合利用景观生态学方法从微观视角选取城市贫困空间、城市扩展新区以及城市单位社区对不同地域城市功能空间的耦合特征进行了研究,结果表明：① 城市贫困空间用地组合混乱无序,工业空间、居住空间与服务空间镶嵌分布,由此造成城市功能空间生产与生活功能的相互干扰;② 外部扩张的扩展模式导致城市扩展新区地域内城市功能空间的破碎化以及离散化程度不断加剧,并且工业空间在城市扩展新区内呈现出近域推进与广域扩散并存复杂化特征;③ 城市单位社区用地类型不断趋于合理化,用地混合程度不断提高,城市功能空间不断优化重组,城市功能空间界限开始模糊化,城市单位社区不断向社会型社区转型。最后给出了长春城市功能空间优化调控对策,即完善城市工业用地分类标准、倡导城市功能有机融合与适度分散、合理引导传统工业外围扩散。

Coupling Characteristics of Urban Functional Space in Changchun City from the Perspective of Landscape Ecology

Based on the land utilization data and related statistical yearbooks of Changchun City in 1995, 2003, and 2011, combination of ArcGIS 10.2 and Fragstats 3.3 technology platform, by using the method of landscape ecology, this article studies the coupling characteristics of urban function space in the urban poor space, the new urban expansion area and the urban unit community from the micro-perspective. The results show that: 1) The land spatial distribution of the urban space in the urban poor space has a disorder blended characteristic, and the character mosaic distribution of industrial space, residential space and service space has resulted the interaction between the production and life of urban functional space; 2) The external expansion mode leads to the city function space fragmentation and discrete degree increasing in the new urban expansion area, and the industrial space in the city new district presents the complex characteristics of near field propulsion and wide area diffusion; 3) The land use type and the land mixed degree in the city unit community is rationalizing, reflecting that the city function space has been optimized and restructured, and the boundary of urban function space has begun to blur. The research above shows that the urban unit community is changing to the social community. Finally, the paper puts forward some countermeasures to optimize the function space of Changchun City, that is to say, to improve the classification standard of urban industrial land, to promote the organic integration and moderate the dispersion of urban functions, and to guide the diffusion of traditional industries.