明清时期宝鸡地区旱涝灾害链及其对气候变化的响应

通过对明清时期宝鸡地区旱涝灾害资料的统计和整理,利用滑动平均、累积距平及小波分析等方法探讨分析了1368-1911年宝鸡地区旱涝灾害链及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明：① 1368-1911年,宝鸡地区共发生297次旱涝灾害事件,其中旱灾和涝灾分别发生191次和106次,占旱涝灾害发生总次数的64.31%和35.69%。② 宝鸡地区旱涝灾害具有较为明显的阶段性特征,1368-1644年为偏旱阶段,1645-1804年为旱涝灾害波动阶段,1805-1911年为偏涝阶段,整体上呈现出干旱—湿润期的交替特征。旱涝灾害在时间尺度上大致存在70年、110年和170年左右3个振荡周期,与太阳黑子活动周期相对应。③ 旱涝灾害具有显著的空间差异性特征。渭河流域以北、以东地区既是旱灾的多发区,也是涝灾的多发区。④ 明清时期宝鸡地区旱涝灾害链的相继发生是对全球气候变化的响应。18世纪60年代以来,全球气候环境变化导致极端旱涝灾害事件频繁发生。

Drought and flood disaster chain and its response to climate change in Baoji region during the Ming and Qing dynasties

In this paper, the literatures about the drought and flood disasters in Baoji region during the Ming and Qing dynasties were collected and sorted. The drought and flood disaster chains were discussed, while the response to climate change in Baoji region during 1368-1911 years was analyzed by using the accumulative anomaly method, moving average method and wavelet analysis and so on. The results showed that 297 events of drought and flood disasters occurred in Baoji during 1368-1911, while drought occurred 191 times and flood 106 times, accounting for 64.31% and 35.69%, respectively. There were obvious stage characteristics for drought and flood disasters, with drought episodes mainly observed from 1368 to 1644, while during 1645-1804 a fluctuant phase emerged, and the period 1805-1911 experienced drought episodes, presenting the alternating drought-wet period on the whole. Meanwhile there were three periods (70a, 110a and 170a) of oscillation on time scale of drought and flood existence, which had relationship with sunspot activity cycle. Drought and flood disasters had obvious variations in space; the northern and eastern parts of the Weihe river basin were prone to drought and flood. The occurrence of drought and flood disaster chains was a response to global climate change during the Ming and Qing dynasties in Baoji. Since the 1760s, the global climate deterioration has led to frequent extreme drought and flood disaster events.