广州市居民工作日小汽车出行个体与社区双层影响机制

小汽车出行与建成环境的关系是城市研究中的热点问题,已有的研究主要分别关注个人社会经济属性与建成环境对小汽车出行的影响。近年来,在中国城市转型的背景下,社会空间分异受到关注,越来越多的研究表明,居民个人社会经济属性与社区建成环境及社区类型间存在关系,考虑三者如何共同对小汽车出行的影响具有一定的现实意义。因此,本文构建包含个体层社会经济属性和社区层建成环境与社区类型的多层Logit模型对工作日小汽车出行方式的影响因素进行分析。研究发现居民个人的社会经济属性和其所居住社区建成环境同时对小汽车出行的选择起作用,且这两层因素的影响与社区类型紧密相关,出行方式差异有76.32%是由社区因素的差异造成。个人社会经济属性因素方面,更高的文化水平、更高的个人月收入水平、非集体单位性质和家庭存在更多未成年孩子的居民工作日小汽车使用率较高;社区建成环境因素方面,提高建筑密度、用地混合度、商业可达性和公交站点密度会降低社区居民工作日出行使用小汽车的可能,而社区周边更高的POI密度则会增多居民对小汽车的使用。两类因素关系背后的机制在于伴随着市场力量对城市居住空间重构影响的增强,相似社会经济属性的居民会倾向选择同一类型社区,而相同类型社区拥有相似的建成环境。这些结论有助于进一步了解城市居民工作日小汽车出行背后的影响因素及机制,并为通过对相同类型社区多层因素的调节来改变居民出行方式结构,进而缓解交通问题提供了借鉴。

Examining the dual-levels impact of neighbourhood and individual variables on car use on weekdays in Guangzhou

The relationship between car travel and built environment is one of the hot issues in the urban studies. The existing researches mainly focus on the respective effects on car travel of individual demographic variables and built environment variables on car travel. Under the background of China's urban transformation and the social space differentiation, a growing number of scholars have examined the relationship between residents' demographics and their residential built environment. Quantifying the relative roles of the individual social attributes and the built environment in influencing car travel has a policy implication. This study applied a multilevel logit model which contains individual-level variables and neighbourhood-level variables to explore the impact on car use. It is concluded that urban residents' working-day car travel is influenced by multilevel variables associated to neighbourhood types. Most of the variation in the travel mode choice is caused by the difference among neighbourhoods. Travel mode choices have a strong neighbourhood contextual effect on car travel. As for the individual level, lower income and education level, collective unit profession, less minors in a family may help refrain the choice of automobile travel. As for the community level, improving bus stops density, building density, land mixing degree and commercial accessibility may help reduce car use ratio of working-day activities' travel. The mechanism of the relationship between two kinds of variables lies in the strength of market effect on urban residential space reconstruction. The residents who have similar social and economic attributes tend to choose the same type of neighbourhood, which has a similar built environment. These conclusions help us to have a better understanding of the mechanism behind the urban residents' working-day car travel and provide suggestions to alleviate the traffic problem by adjusting the multilevel variables in the similar type of community.