北京城市居住和就业空间类型区分析

基于2010年北京市工商企业登记数据和第六次人口普查数据,从分行业视角对北京市城区职住空间结构及其类型区特征进行详细实证分析。研究表明：北京市就业空间结构和居住空间结构均有3个主成分因子构成,其中就业空间结构包括综合服务业、流通地产服务业与二产、高科技产业等主因子,居住空间结构则由一般服务业、流通生活服务业与二产、科技和教育产业等主因子构成,且不同城市就业与居住空间主因子的空间关联强度存在差异。采用GIS分组分析方法可将北京城市居住和就业空间划分为5种类型区,即流通生活服务业与二产居住集中区、流通生活服务业与二产职住综合区、一般服务业职住综合区、职弱住强型科教优势区和职强住弱型科教优势区。分析发现,北京城市居住和就业空间结构形成主要受到历史力、市场力、政府力和个体力等因素共同作用。

Spatial Structure of Urban Residence and Employment in Beijing

The spatial structure of urban residence and employment is a classic topic in the geography and planning subject in that reasonable spatial structure can reduce spatial mismatch and improve urban livability of the city. However, limited studies have examined both residential and employment spatial structure together. Based on Beijing industry and commerce enterprise registration data and the sixth census data in 2010, we use factor ecological analysis method to evaluate urban residential and employment structure in Beijing and identify its area types from the perspective of various industries types. Results show that the spatial structures of employment and residence are both composed of three principal component factors in Beijing. The main factors of employment spatial structure include comprehensive services industry, circulation and real estate services, high-tech industries while residential spatial structure covers general services, circulation and consumer services, science technology and education industries as the main factors. In addition, there are obvious differences in spatial autocorrelation effect of each main factor. Residence and employment spatial forms in Beijing can be divided into 5 region types by grouping analysis method, that is residential clusters of the circulation and consumer services, compound types of the circulation and consumer services industries, compound types of general services, weak employment-strong residential compound types of science technology and education industries, strong employment-weak residential compound types of science technology and education industries. At last, we find that driving forces of spatial structure of urban residential and employment space in Beijing are related to history route dependence, market power, government forces and individual preference factor.