北京城市办公集聚区外部环境的主观评价

以写字楼为主要载体的办公活动正成为大城市经济发展的主要动力。关注城市办公人员对其工作场所及其环境的主观感受,不仅可以为城市办公空间及外部环境的规划设计提供参考,而且对城市建成环境运行质量的提升以及宜业城市建设的推动具有很大现实意义。本文以北京市10个具有代表性的办公集聚区为调查采样地,选取安全性、通达性、舒适度和便利度作为评价指标,通过问卷调查获取的一手数据来评价从业人员对其所在写字楼周边外部环境的主观感受。研究发现：①被调查者对北京城市办公空间外部环境整体上较为满意。其中,对安全性评价最高,轨道交通和办公配套服务网点建设滞后导致舒适度和便利度的满意程度较低,是当前急需改善的地方。②性别、年龄、学历、职位等个体因素对办公集聚区外部环境的评估结果具有一定影响,特别是女性和受教育程度、职位较高的从业人员对其办公场所的外部环境要求更高。③根据主观评价结果,城市办公集聚区可划分为成熟优越型、发展提升型、滞后型以及不协调型4类。北京市各类型办公集聚区的评估结果揭示了办公空间外部环境现状与从业人员实际需求的差异程度,并为分类进行环境提升改造提供了依据。

Subjective evaluation of external environment of office space in Beijing

Business activities conducted in office buildings are becoming the main driving force of economic development in metropolitan areas. Research on the external environment of office space not only can provide some guidance for office space planning and design, but also can improve the quality of urban built environment and urban construction. This study took the 10 typical office clusters in Beijing as the survey areas and selected safety, accessibility, comfort, and convenience as the key aspects of evaluation to analyze resident satisfaction toward the external environment of office space in Beijing. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) The overall subjective evaluation result of external environment of office space is satisfactory. Compared with the high satisfaction level of safety, rail transit and office supporting service network developments lagged behind, which led to a low degree of comfort and convenience. (2) Individual characteristics including gender, age, level of education, and position have important impacts on the perception of the external environment of office clusters. Women demand higher safety. People with higher education level and position have higher demand for better external environment. (3) According to the evaluation result, the 10 office clusters in Beijing can be divided into four categories: mature advanced type, to be improved type, lagged behind type, and uncoordinated type. The evaluation results of office clusters reveal the difference between the actual external environment of the office space and the psychological needs of office employees, which provides a basis for differentiated improvement of such environments.