长江三角洲不同所有制企业空间组织网络演化分析

以总部在长江三角洲的大型企业为样本,对改革开放以来不同所有制企业空间组织网络的演化特征、类型及驱动因素进行了分析,结论为：国有企业从相互独立的星状企业网络演化为行政中心辐射型网络;跨国公司为中心辐射型网络,有向多中心网络演化的趋势;民营企业从小团体离散型网络向多中心扁平化网络演变。3种所有制企业的网络密度、网络结构、网络重要节点等变化趋势存在着差异。企业空间组织网络类型可分为局地型、中心辐射型、多中心扁平型3种。企业扩张模式和组织结构调整、企业网络治理、区域资产与基础设施、制度与技术等是驱动企业空间组织网络演进的重要因素。

Evolution Analysis of Different Ownership Enterprises Spatial Organization Network in the Yangtze River Delta

Taking large enterprises those headquarters in the Yangtze River Delta as samples, different ownership enterprises’ organization network evolution characteristics, types and the driving factors are analyzed after the reform and opening up. The main conclusions are as follows: State-owned enterprises organization network has evolved from independent star-like enterprise network to administration center network; While multinational companies organization network is center radiation network, and evolved to the multi-center network; Private enterprises organization network has evolved from small groups discrete network to multi-center flat network. In the network density view, state-owned enterprises rise at first, and then decrease; multinational company was the downward trend, private enterprise was on the rise. In the network structure view, state-owned enterprises network structure was balanced after concentrated; Multinational companies and private enterprises are tending to equilibrium. State-owned enterprises’ important network nodes are concentrated in administrative center cities; multinational companies’ important network nodes are concentrated in higher grade center cities and south of Jiangsu region; private enterprises’ important network nodes are concentrated incenter cities, private economy developed counties and small cities. Enterprise network can be divided into 3 types: local type, hub-and-spoke, multi-center flat. Most local type enterprises are resource-based, policy-based state-owned enterprises and private enterprises rooted in the local place. Hub-and-spoke type enterprises include all three kinds of enterprises. Most multi-center flat type enterprises are Large multinational companies and private enterprises. The type of enterprise space organization network is closely related to enterprise development phase. The evolution of enterprise space organization network was driven by factors in four dimensions: Enterprise expansion mode and organization structure adjustment as the factors inner-enterprise. Enterprise network governance as the factor between enterprises, including industry alliance and cooperation of enterprise functions. Regional assets and in fras tructure are the factors of regional level. Regional assets is the result of economies of scale and scope economy with “technology-organization-regional”. The conditions for enterprise organization diffusion are created, while the difference of regional in frastructure and industrial facilities is narrowing. Institution and technology are the factors of the forth level. In the economic transition period, institutional change and regional policy can influence the evolution of enterprise spatial organization network, “Time-space compression” technologies can also lead to the same influence. Those factors promote the evolution of enterprise spatial organization network structure to the equalization and multi-center flat form.