基于GIS的承德乡村地名文化景观空间分布特征

将承德地区乡村地名作为离散点,以GIS中移动搜索法的点距离空间平滑分析法为支撑,从地理区域这一角度分析地名文化景观空间分布特征。研究发现：承德地区自然类景观,以“山”、“水文”、“动植物”命名的地名分布主要位于中低海拔高度的平坦地区;承德地区乡村地名文化景观划分为军事活动类、经济活动类、房屋建筑类、美愿与纪念类、满蒙少数民族语言及方言类,其空间分布特征与当地历史时期的军事、生产生活、社会变迁的相对频繁程度以及人口稠密情况基本上相符合。

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Rural Place-name Cultural Landscape Based on GIS Approach in Chengde

With the help of statistical analysis of the number of place-name and spatial smoothing analysis in GIS based on the point distance operation of mobile search method, this research objectively and accurately reflects the fact that the cultural landscape of rural place-name in Chengde area is rooted in the unique natural&cultural geographical characteristics of it. At the same time, it also reflects the blending&integration of diverse cultures of Chengde area in historical period. The research discovered that there are differences in the spatial distribution of cultural landscape place-name of various categories in Chengde area. The cultural landscape place-name of military activities category are distributed in Weichang County, Luanping County, Chengde County and Pingquan County of Chengde. These areas are just the places of battles and border defences in the history of Chengde. The cultural landscape place-name of economic activities are mainly distributed in Weichang County. Since in the reign of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, paddocks were opened and farmlands were forbidden, a great number of people bought lands for reclamation to develop agricultural economy. The subsequent economic activities such as stores, power houses, crock kilns, brick kilns, distilleries, oil mills, dye-works, sugar mills and Blacksmith furnaces increased. These activities in this area were much more than other areas and place-name named after these activities were common. The spatial distribution of cultural landscape place-name of buildings category is positively correlated with the rural population density of Chengde area. This is demonstrated by the fact that in the southern area of Chengde where the population density is relatively high, the spatial distribution of cultural landscape place-name of buildings category is basically concentrated. As for the spatial distribution state of cultural landscape place-name of commemoration category, there is no obvious concentration area and they are distributed everywhere, which shows that local people all yearn for a beautiful life. Most of the spatial distribution areas of cultural landscape place-name of Manchu language, Mongolian language and dialects are concentrated in Pingquan County. This fully reflects the regional characteristic of Pingquan that it’s located at the place where different nationalities depend on and interact with each other. Moreover, this demonstrates the brands of the activities between Manchu people, Mongolian people and the Han people while they live together here. From the angle of the spatial diversity of place-name culture, the in-depth characteristics of the culture in Chengde area were further recognized. In today when the traditional culture is disappearing rapidly, applying new methods for the quantitative identification of the spatial distribution characteristics of the cultural landscape of place-name is the basis of the protection&development of the intangible cultural heritage of place-name. It also reflects the features of folk custom in this whole area and the deep historical and cultural background. Its researches reflect the blending of diverse cultures of Chengde area in historical period to some extent. It also has reference significance to the exploration of the protection of the intangible cultural heritage of place-name in Chengde area.