长江三角洲地区门户功能演化与驱动机理

采用综合指数评价、基尼系数、标准差椭圆等方法分析了2004~2014年长江三角洲地区门户功能的空间格局及其演化过程。结果表明：① 长江三角洲地区城市门户功能上升趋势明显,空间上由“一极三强”的格局演变为“一极四强”;② 各类门户功能的空间差异整体上呈缩小趋势,其中国际门户功能的差异明显大于综合和国内门户功能,而组间差异是导致门户功能差异的主要原因;③ 所有门户功能均由南-北方向分布向东-西方向分布转型。长三角地区门户功能的演化是由多重因素驱动形成的,国内和国际门户功能的驱动机理存在明显差异。

The Evolution of Gateway Function and Mechanism in the Yangtze River Delta Region

Under the background of globalization and localization, the gateway city has become important geographical unit which links the global production network and the gateway function of the cities, and attracts more and more people's attention. From the perspective of geographical space, this article attempts to portray the city's gateway function and explore its driving mechanism, and consider the passenger and cargo flow of three dimensions consisting of water, land and air transport. Based on the data of the main gateway cities in the Yangtze River Delta Region (YRDR) during 2004-2014, the spatial pattern and evolution of the gateway function in YRDR is analyzed by using the comprehensive evaluation index, the Gini coefficient and the standard deviation ellipse. The main results can be summarized as follows: 1) On the whole, the gateway function of cities in YRDR increases clearly. Shanghai, Ningbo, Nanjing and Hangzhou always have strong gateway function in YRDR, and the gateway function pattern of this region has changed from “one pole three strong” to “one pole four strong” with the rapid advancement of gateway function in Suzhou since 2010, which also reflects that the spatial pattern of gateway function in YRDR has the stability and significant path dependence. 2) The spatial differentiation state of international gateway function is obviously larger than that of the comprehensive and domestic gateway function, but the distribution pattern of the three kinds of gateway function tends to be equilibrium in space. The main reason for the spatial differentiation of gateway function in YRDR is the difference between the two gradient cities. 3) The international gateway function of the eastern region is stronger than that of western region, but the discrepancy between them is narrowing. In the meanwhile, the spatial patterns of all the three types of gateway function are transforming from the pattern of south-north distribution to the pattern of east-west distribution. 4) The pattern of gateway function and its evolution in YRDR are driven by multiple factors. Through the fixed panel regression model, the economic and social environment factors such as population density, industrial structure and informationization level all play significant roles in promoting the comprehensive and domestic gateway function, while the improvement of the international gateway function is more closely related to the economic behavior factors. At the same time, financial development level has no significant impact on the domestic or international in YRDR.