苏州老城区衰退邻里居住满意度及影响因素

转型时期中国社会经济经历了巨大转型,居住分异加剧,新城市贫困现象在特定人群和空间集聚,老城衰退邻里就是其中之一。通过对苏州老城区6个典型社区的调查,发现老城区居民居住满意度存在环境类型、空间类型、更新类型和人群分异。居住满意度主要受住房条件、社区环境、配套设施和社会网络影响,其中城市历史社会空间结构奠定了城市环境质量的总体格局,具体设施条件受建成时间、维护水平、人口密度和更新机会的影响;城市更新、原住民比例下降和外来人口迁入导致的人口置换过程破坏了原本良好的社会网络,降低了居住满意度,减少了脱贫机会。从微观社区尺度研究老城衰退邻里的居住满意度及影响因素,不仅能加深对新城市贫困现象的理解,也有利于未来有针对性地制定城市更新规划和扶贫策略。

Residential satisfaction level and influencing factors of declining old town residents in Suzhou

In the past decades the Chinese society and economy have experienced a great transformation. Residential differentiation is intensified and the new urban poverty phenomenon concentrates in specific population and space. Declining neighborhoods in old towns are one of the most representative areas of urban poverty. According to a survey conducted in six typical neighborhoods in the old town of Suzhou City, satisfaction level of the residents about the social environment is higher than the physical environment, and residential satisfaction level in the southern traditional city center communities is higher than that of the north. Higher residential satisfaction level can also be expected in communities with renovated housing and infrastructure but old residents than that without modification or experienced a destruction of the original stable social network contact. With a strong sense of loss and low residential satisfaction level, low-income local residents who are relatively deprived of in the rapid development process of the city are easier to involve in conflict with migrants. Residential satisfaction level is mainly determined by housing conditions, community environments, infrastructure and facilities, and social contact. The pattern of urban historical social space sets the foundation of the urban environment. Time since being built, maintenance, population density, and renewal opportunities affect the condition of specific community facilities. Population replacement caused by urban renewal, emigration or death of local residents, and migrant population will reduce residential satisfaction level and opportunities of poverty alleviation. High density of population makes neighborhood disputes more likely and the high homogeneity of the place is conducive to community harmony. Research on community scale residential satisfaction level and influencing factors of declining neighborhoods in old towns not only can help deepen the understanding of new urban poverty, but also benefits urban renewal process and poverty alleviation aimed at these areas.