中国城市网络等级结构特征及组织模式——基于铁路和航空流的比较

交通流是反映城市间社会经济联系的重要表征,被广泛应用于城市网络研究中。基于2010年中国城际铁路与航空客流OD数据,本文从城市节点、流量、子网络视角对中国城市网络的结构特征与组织模式进行了比较研究,发现：① 铁路与航空流视角下的中国城市网络均呈现出以北上广为顶层节点的空间等级结构体系,但除顶层结构外两种网络结构差异较大。② 城市网络体系中的铁路流联系表现出空间邻近性特征,而航空流联系则主要受到城市节点的规模大小与职能属性的影响。③ 铁路流的首位联系受省级行政区划的制约,航空流的首位联系空间跨度大,形成了若干具有垂直层间联系的地域子系统。④ 铁路网络拥有具有显著地域特征的7个子网络,而航空网络中则不存在明显的子网络。技术经济特征与管理体制是造成铁路与航空两种网络特征差异的主要原因。

Comparison of spatial structure and organization mode of inter-city networks from the perspective of railway and air passenger flow

As traffic flow reflects the socio-economic relations between cities, it is widely applied as a key factor in studies on city networks. Based on the inter-city railway and air passenger flow in 2010, this article made a comparison of the spatial structure and passenger flow organization of inter-city networks from the perspective of railway and air passenger flow, in terms of node, linkage, and community. The results are as follows: (1) Both city networks based on railway and air passenger flow present a hierarchical structure with Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou being the top three, while the nodes in the lower classes of two networks are different. (2) The spatial structure of linkages between cities based on railway passenger flow displays strong neighborhood effect. In contrast, the cities' own characteristics play a dominant role in the organization of air passenger flow. (3) Most of the dominant railway passenger flow is directed to the capital city in each province, forming several disperse regional systems separated by the provincial boundaries. In terms of air passenger flow, the regional systems are integrated by vertical linkages between them. (4) Although the community structure is not obvious from the perspective of air passenger flow, there are seven communities of significant geographical characteristics being detected in the railway network. The main differences between two networks are attributed to the management systems and technical characteristics of the modes of transportation.