Trawl fisheries,catch shares and the protection of benthic marine ecosystems: Has ownership generated incentives for seafloor stewardship? |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Geography, University of Hawaii, Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;2. Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;3. Marine Conservation Institute, 2122 112th Avenue NE, Suite B-300, Bellevue, WA 98004, USA;1. Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research and School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia;2. Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Marine & Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia;3. College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia;4. National Fisheries College, National Fisheries Authority, PO Box 239, Kavieng, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea;5. Wildlife Conservation Society, PO Box 95, Kavieng, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea;6. College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia;1. University of Massachusetts Dartmouth School for Marine Science and Technology, 200 Mill Road, Fairhaven, MA 02719, USA;2. Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, 30 Emerson Ave., Gloucester, MA 01930, USA;1. TropWATER and College of Marine & Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia;2. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia;1. Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;2. Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;3. Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) & Centro de Conservacion Marina, Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile,Casilla 114-D, Chile;4. Department of Economics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;1. Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russia;2. Department of Geography and Economic History, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | Proponents of catch share-based fisheries have claimed ecological stewardship can result from the assignment of individual catch quotas. This claim is examined by analyzing the distribution of benthic habitat protection measures adopted by quota-owning industry sectors within the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of the U.S. (Alaska), New Zealand, and high seas seamounts within the Southern Indian Ocean Deepsea Fishers Association (SIODFA) competence area. Results suggest the protection of both benthic ecosystems and essential fish habitat (EFH) are marginal at best when quota owners have primacy in determining the boundaries of bottom trawl closures. The majority of the areas in these three regions that are closed to trawling are too deep to fish, may not contain vulnerable marine ecosystems, and do not have high abundances of commercially important species. “Freezing the footprint” of bottom trawling is not the best method for benthic habitat protection in areas where the fishing industry is actively fishing vulnerable habitats. Analytical methods should be applied to help determine boundaries of future bottom trawl closures rather than allowing the fishing industry to place benthic protection areas (BPAs) in areas where they are not interested in fishing. |
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