Benefits and opportunity costs of Australia's Coral Sea marine protected area: A precautionary tale |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Earth and Environmental Science Department, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy;2. South African Shark Conservancy (SASC), Hermanus, 7200, Western Cape, South Africa;3. Wildlands Conservation Trust, 460 Townbush Road, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa;4. Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Gomeroy Avenue, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa;5. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Somerset Street, Makhanda, 6139, South Africa;6. Rhodes University, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Makhanda, 6139, South Africa;1. School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada;2. The Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami, 1365 Memorial Drive, Ungar Building 230M, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA;3. Stanford University, Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, 473 Via Ortega, Y2E2 Suite 226, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;4. Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College, 6182 Steele Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;5. Environmental Change and Governance Group, School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1 Canada;6. Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, United Kingdom;7. Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA;8. Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA;1. Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2204 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada;2. Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK;1. Central Queensland University, School of Business and Law, Rockhampton 4702, Australia;2. Coastal Marine Ecosystems Research Centre, CQUniversity, Gladstone 4680, Australia;3. Centre for Regional Economies and Supply Chains, CQUniversity, Rockhampton 4702, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The paper analyses the benefits and costs of the Coral Sea Marine Reserve which, together with the contiguous Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, creates the largest marine protected area in the world. The benefits are found to be minimal, in both anthropocentric and ecocentric terms. Nevertheless establishment and management costs could be in the order of $A20 million and $A13 million, respectively. Meanwhile, serious depletion of the vital fish stocks of the largest tuna fishery in the world in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean—in which Australia is a management partner—continues, as does the rapid erosion of the unique and outstanding values of the Great Barrier Reef. It is concluded that current investment in the creation and management of the Coral Sea Reserve—in the face of the demonstrably urgent needs for investment in the management of marine resources in the near region and in Australia – is problematic. |
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