Achieving MPA effectiveness through application of responsive governance incentives in the Tubbataha reefs |
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| Affiliation: | 1. WWF-Philippines, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines;2. Tubbataha Management Office, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines;3. Asia Pacific Program, The Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, Hawaii;4. Rare, Belderol Street, Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Philippines;1. Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS, Canada. Elizabeth.De.Santo@dal.ca;2. Department of Geography, University College London (UCL), UK. P.J.Jones@ucl.ac.uk;3. Department of Geography, University College London (UCL), UK. w.qiu@ucl.ac.uk;4. School of Earth and Environment, University of Western Australia. julian.clifton@uwa.edu.au;1. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia;2. School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, PO Box 3060 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada;3. Marine Affairs Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA;4. Wildlife Conservation Society, Indonesia Marine Program, Jalan Atletik no. 8, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16151, Indonesia;1. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia;2. The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1110, Philippines;1. Institute of Marine Affairs and Resources Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Jl. Tgk Abdurrahman meunasah meucab No. 121, Gampong Lampoh Daya, Kec. Jaya Baru, Banda Aceh, Indonesia;2. Institute of Marine Affairs and Resources Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;1. MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;1. Institute for Sustainable Resources (ISR), University College London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, United Kingdom;2. Department of Geography, University College London, North-West Wing, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | The dynamic institutional arrangements, which characterized the past two decades of management in the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park (TRNP), reflect flexibility and diversity in the use of governance incentives. At the initial stage, legal and knowledge incentives provided the main guidance in identifying the appropriate organizational structure to manage the Park and to establish its boundaries and jurisdictional limits. Knowledge incentives provided the added value of generating credible information that showed the significance of the Tubbataha Reefs and the positive impact of management actions. Communicating information to the public, as an interpretative incentive, supported greater recognition and influence at the national and international levels. During the middle stage, the use of economic incentives ensured that the Park management benefitted from tourism through user fees and that Cagayancillo Municipality received a fair share of benefits to partly compensate foregone income opportunities. The Tubbataha Trust Fund was created serving as a depository of revenue from grants and donations and included instituting fiscal management to encourage more partners and stakeholders to contribute. Presently, in the light of current issues and the recently passed TRNP Act, striking a balance between legal-economic-participative incentives takes precedence over interpretative and knowledge incentives which are in place and only need to be maintained. |
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