海岸带的空间功能分区与管制方法——以宁波市为例

海岸带空间资源的合理开发和利用关系到海洋经济发展质量和优质资源利用效率,成为影响沿海城市区域可持续发展的重要内容。根据区域自然、经济、社会特征,运用相关分区方法,划分海岸线和海岸带开发与保护的适宜性空间,获取较高的空间资源配置效率,成为地理学研究关注的热点。大部分学者从经济和生态两个方面要素构建指标体系,并对分区方法进行了有益探索和尝试,但是由于海岸带具有自然地理的特殊性,所以在指标选择上有较大不同。以宁波海岸带为例,讨论海岸线及海岸带的空间区划指标体系选择和方法应用问题。在借鉴已有区划方法的基础上,重点讨论评价单元划分、评价指标选择与处理等技术方法,在评价海岸线开发适宜基础上,做进一步的海岸带空间功能分区,将宁波市海岸带空间划分为生态空间、生产空间和生活空间,并结合宁波市空间开发现状,提出不同类型区域空间布局调整引导方向和管制要求。

Spatial function regionalization and spatial governance of the coastal zone: A case study in Ningbo City

Ocean is basic environment and important resource for human survival and development.Nowadays,on the background of resources exhausting,environment deteriorating and population increasing,development of marine resources and economy has become a worldwide trend and national strategy choice.As the special transitional geographical area from ocean to land,coastal zone plays an important carrier and springboard role in the marine economic development.What''s more,the coordination with the hinterland space is not only the important content in the coordinated implementation of the development strategy of land and sea,but also major initiative in improving the utilization efficiency of marine resource and the development quality of marine economy.The reasonable development and utilization of spatial resources in coastal zone is playing a more and more important role in the sustainable development of coastal cities.According to the natural, economic,and social characteristics of the area,the coastline and coastal zones can be divided into different spaces for proper coastal development and protection.Nowadays,using related division methods to get higher distribution efficiency of spatial resources has become a hot topic of geographical research.Most of the scholars construct the evaluation index system from the aspects of economic and ecological factors,and make some useful exploration and attempt on the division methods.However,there are some differences in the selection of indicators because of the natural specificity of the coastal zone and the need to attach emphasis on the overall strategy of land and ocean about the utilization of spatial resources.Taking the coastal zone in Ningbo as an example,this paper discusses the evaluation index system and division methods of spatial function regionalization about coastline and coastal zone.Based on the existing division methods,this paper focuses on technical methods of the division of evaluation unit,the selection and treatment of indicators, and so on.Specially,from the perspective of overall strategy of land and ocean,we evaluate the suitability of the coastline development including ecological suitability,production suitability and living suitability,and propose the spatial function regionalization of coastal zone.Then,we divide the coastal zone in Ningbo into ecological space,production space and living space,and propose adjustment directions and control requirements for the spatial layouts of different types of regions on the basis of the current situation of space exploitation in Ningbo.From the point of division methods,we find that the selection of indicators and data reliability has great influence on the scientific results.However,some incoming data, hydrological data and underwater terrain data are collected from data interpretation and related research reports,not the first-hand measured data.And this needs to be further supplemented in the following studies.Through this paper,we hope to provide a scientific basis for the spatial development and control of coastal zone.