城市内部建设监理企业区位选择的研究与实证

21 世纪以来，生产性服务业因在推动城市经济增长中具有愈发重要的作用，故其在城市内部的区位选择业已引起经济学、地理学领域的广泛关注；而作为一种中国特有的生产性服务业企业组织形式，建设监理企业的城市内部区位研究尚未展开。论文在分析建设监理企业生产链特点的基础上，结合生产性服务业相关区位理论，探究了建设监理企业城市内部区位选择的集聚取向及形成机制，并以西安市内建设监理企业区位选择的实例对理论分析观点进行验证。借助空间自相关分析方法在Geoda 软件平台上检验了2000 年至2011 年该市街区尺度上企业数量的聚散过程，解析其特定区位格局的形成是受制于何种预期的理论机制。研究表明：① 在城市内部特定空间上集聚是建设监理企业城市区位选择的基本特征；② 即时接触关键人员、获取地方化经济、追逐制度政策优惠等三方面的需要是引起建设监理企业区位集聚的主要作用力；③ 在西安的实例研究中由企业间协作或效仿的需要主导的区位集聚类型与由开发区规划导向带来的区位集聚类型形成了鲜明的对比。

Theoretical research on the location selection of construction supervision enterprises within city and its empirical study

Since the 21st century, many studies on the location selection of producer services within cities have already been issued by economists and geographers because of their great impetus to the urban economic growth and urban spatial structure transformation. However, there is still little academic progress in the urban location selection of the construction supervision enterprises (CSEs) at the moment. Therefore, this paper theoretically discussed the location selection of CSEs within cities and presented its agglomeration orientation and formation mechanism through analyzing the production chain of CSEs, as well as consulting the published literature about the urban location of producer services. What''s more, a case study of the location selection of CSEs in Xi''an is employed to test and verify the theoretical achievement above. The increasing and concentrating process of CSEs at block scale in Xi''an from 2000 to 2011 is depicted and inspected with the help of ESDA method and Geoda software, while the location pattern of CSEs in Xi''an is explained according to the agglomeration mechanism. The conclusions of this paper indicate that: (1) Spatial agglomeration is the basic characteristic of the location selection of CSEs within cities; (2) Immediate contact to key person, localization economy among construction technical service enterprises, and favorable policies are the crucial reasons for which the CSEs attempt to locate together at some special blocks of a city. (3) The location agglomeration pattern of CSEs mainly based on the cooperation and imitation among construction technical service enterprises is obviously different from the pattern guided by the development zone planning in the case study.