中国工业中小企业省区分布及其影响因素

20 世纪90 年代乡镇企业改革以来，中国中小企业空间格局发生了显著变化。现有地理学文献主要关注中小企业空间集聚、集群研究以及八九十年代的中小企业空间分布问题，对于近20 年来宏观层面中小企业空间分布的研究比较薄弱，实证研究尤为缺乏。基于文献回顾，运用GIS 空间分析、测算变差系数CV等方法，分析1997-2010 年中国工业中小企业省区分布的时空格局变化；在此基础上，选取20 个影响因素并建立计量模型，运用SPSS及Eviews软件，系统测算导致中国工业中小企业省区分布变化的影响因素，并根据研究结果提出相关政策建议。研究表明：① 1997-2010 年间，中国工业中小企业的省区分布更加集中、空间差异不断扩大；② 中国工业中小企业省区分布格局是多因素综合作用的结果，其中地区经济实力、金融环境、市场环境及技术创新是首要因素，信息化、劳动力、铁路密度及农业资源是次要因素。

Spatial distribution of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and its determinants in China

In last decades, the potential contribution of SMEs to economic growth has been enhanced, due to the fact that globalization and informatization reduce the importance of economies of scale in many activities and promote SMEs'' share in the market. In China, for example, SMEs have a major contribution to national employment and economic output. In 2010, SMEs accounted for about 80% of total industrial employment, more than 75% of technological innovation, and 60% of gross domestic product (GDP) in China. Therefore, it is critical to figure out the spatio-temporal development of SMEs in China and its determinants. It is against such a background that this paper takes a comprehensive examination on the provincial development of SMEs in China and its influencing factors. First, by using ArcGIS and calculating CV, we analyze spatio-temporal distribution of SMEs in China in 1997-2010. Second, based on literature review and SPSS software, we identify 20 indicators and then employ principal components analysis and regression analysis to measure the determinants of spatial distribution of SMEs in China. Lastly, we try to provide some positive advices for SMEs development in China. Our examination shows that: (1) SMEs development in China shows very clear features of spatial concentration in coastal provinces of China, and SMEs have been increasingly agglomerated since 1997. (2) The spatial distribution of SMEs is the result of comprehensive function of provincial economic strength, innovation, informatization, policy, labor, resources and transportation, while provincial economic strength, finance, market and innovation play key roles in the spatial distribution of SMEs, and informatization, labor, railway and agriculture resources are also important determinants.