塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地冬季积雪下垫面地表反照率及土壤温湿度变化特征

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站西站10 m梯度探测系统气象和辐射观测数据，分析了塔中积雪下垫面地表反照率、土壤温度、土壤湿度的变化特征及其相互关系。结果表明：塔中积雪覆盖期间地表反照率0.18~0.97，日均值为0.60；有积雪覆盖的地表反照率日变化更偏向反"J"型，呈现出上午大于傍晚的形态，平均早晚较差为0.13；积雪使0~40 cm深度土壤温度下降，积雪消融后土壤湿度增大使各层土壤温度趋于接近，并使0、10、20 cm深度的土壤温度日变幅呈减小趋势，减小幅度分别为41%、39%、39%；积雪地表反照率与地表温度表现出负相关关系，反照率越高地表温度越低，二者相关系数为-0.71；积雪地表反照率与5 cm深度土壤湿度负相关，高地表反照率对应低土壤湿度，低地表反照率对应高土壤湿度，二者相关系数为-0.74。

Change of Surface Albedo,Soil Temperature and Moisture under Snow Cover in the Hinterland of Taklimakan Desert in Winter

Based on the 10-m gradient detection system at Taklimakan Atmosphere and Environment Observation Experiment Station in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, the characteristics of surface albedo and multilayer soil temperature and moist and their relationship under snow cover are analyzed by using the meteorological and radiation data. The results showed that the surface albedo changes between 0.18 and 0.97 under snow cover, and the average value is 0.60. The daily variation of surface albedo tends to reverse "J" and the value in the morning is bigger than in the evening, and the average difference is 0.13. Snow makes the 0-40 cm depth soil temperature decrease, and soil temperatures at different layers are close to each other when soil moisture increases after the snow. Except the soil layer of 40 cm depth, the existence of snow makes the daily variation range of 0 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm soil temperature decrease by 41%, 39%, 39%, respectively. There is a negative correlation relationship between surface albedo and surface temperature under snow cover. Namely, high surface albedo corresponds to low surface temperature, and the correlation coefficient is -0.71. Under snow cover, surface albedo and 5 cm depth soil moisture present a negative correlation, and the high surface albedo corresponds to low soil moisture, and low surface albedo corresponds to high soil moisture, and the correlation coefficient is -0.74.