黑河流域环境退化特征分析及防治研究

生态环境条件的好坏，是制约我国社会、经济和人民生活可持续发展的重要问题之一．特别是在生态环境脆弱的西北干旱区的内陆河流域。本文以黑河流域为例，根据最新的野外调查数据，结合该流域已有的研究文献资料，分析了黑河流域生态环境退化的现状和主要特征。研究结果表明，黑河流域生态环境退化主要是由于人类不合理的经济活动造成的．具体表现在土地的沙漠化、水资源的变化、土壤盐渍化和植被退化等方面。在此基础上，初步提出了防止流域生态环境恶化的综合治理对策。

A Case Study on Characteristics and Countermeasures of Environmental Degradation in the Heihe River Basin,Northwestern China

The Heihe River Basin,located in the northwestern China,is an area of typical arid to semiarid features.During the last century,especially the last half century,mankind's pro - duction activities have caused lots of detrimental environmental degradation problems in this basin.Environmental degradation has become a great threat to the whole basin for the future and it requires great effort and resources to ameliorate.Based on investigation and previous studies,the authors found that the main consequences of environmental degradation in Heihe River Basin were water environmental changes,land desertification,soil salinization and vegeta - tion degeneracy,which were mainly resulted from the misuse of water resources by human's ac - tivities.For environmentally and socially sustainable development,there is an urgent need to promote awareness and understanding of the natural,socioeconomic systems at local levels.Un - derstanding the current status and causes of environmental degradation is very important.This paper reveals the important aspects of environmental degradation in Heihe River Basin of northwestern China and suggests possible solutions that may help to ameliorate the situation.