中国“数字黄土地貌”分类体系探讨

黄土地貌属中国典型地貌之一,其分类体系是制图的基础。过去各种黄土地貌分类研究方案由于标准不统一,在实际应用中没有形成公认的地貌分类系统。本文将形态和成因有机地结合在一起,采用分层分级方法,借助于地理信息系统技术,分析并提出适用于遥感影像数据(LandsatTM和ETM)的1:100万黄土地貌分类体系,拟定出相应的编码体系,建立了典型地貌的遥感图谱。该研究为利用中高分辨率卫星遥感数据编制中国1:100万黄土地貌类型图奠定了坚实的基础,该分类方案可充分反映黄土地貌的特征,也能与全国数字地貌分类方案保持一致,同时该分层分级分类方案可满足地貌类型的扩充性。

Classification System of 1:1 000 000 Digital Loess Geomorphology in China

Loess geomorphology in China belongs to one of the typical landforms, whose classification system is the foundation of mapping. Up to now, the national classification system of loess geomorphology has not yet been established and published. By adopting new classification principles such as morphogenetic, geological tectonics and delamination, based on every kind of geomorphologic classification projects, this paper analyzed the nationwide research of loess landforms, with the advanced techniques such as Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System, established new national loess geomorphologic classification system, and put forward 5-bit number for coding the loess geomorphologic data. Based on Remote Sensing Image (Landsat TM and ETM), the characteristic atlas of typical loess geomorphology was compiled. The classification system includes fiver layers: relief and height, genetic types, position and outward appearance, slope-ditch density-incision depth, by integrating morphology with genesis. This research established the solid foundation for use the inside high-resolution satellite Remote Sensing data to complete 1:1 000 000 loess geomorphologic map of China. This classification system can adequately reflect the types characteristic of loess geomorphology and can also keep consistency with classification system of national digital landform, the classification system possesses the expandability function of other types.