高寒草甸生态系统陆地生物圈模式研究及应用

改进了适合于高寒草甸生态系统的陆地生物圈模式，分析了模式中温度变化与水分运动分层的物理原因，说明了气候状况对地表面能量交换的影响，给出了净辐射和蒸散量新的计算方法，提出了有限差分计算中具有二阶精度的Euler隐式格式，介绍了中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态站的气候概况和野外观测情况。最后利用本模式对高寒草甸生态站地区的土壤－－植被－－大气间水热交换过程进行了数值模拟，模拟值与实测值吻合较好。

A Model Study of Land Biosphere about High-Cold Meadow Ecosystem and Its Application

A land biosphere model suitable for the high cold meadow ecosystem is improved. The physical reasons of temperature change and moisture movement in the mathematical model are also analyzed. It illustrates the effect of climate on land surface energy exchanges, gives the calculating methods of net radiotion and evapotranspiration, proposes Euler implicit scheme with two order accuracy and presented the climate conditions and field measurements in Haibei ecosystem station. Finally, numerical simulation is carried out by the model for water heat exchange processes of soil vegetation atmosphere in high cold meadow area of the north of Qinghai Province. Numerical result coincides with measuring data.