塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地一次风蚀起沙观测试验

风蚀起沙对生态环境、人类健康及社会经济等具有很大的负面效应。利用美国Sensit公司生产的H11-LIN型风蚀传感器及贴地层风速梯度探测仪，对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区一次风蚀起沙过程进行了监测。结果表明：（1）风蚀起沙与微气象是一个互相影响互相制约的变化过程；（2）在此次观测试验过程中，我们观测到的最小起沙风速为6.0 m/s左右，同时发现起沙风速是一个变化的值，随着时间的延续呈现逐步增大的趋势，最小的起沙风速出现在风蚀开始发生的时候；（3）近地表风速廓线受沙粒运动影响明显，随着起沙量的增加，风速随高度变化的幅度增大，此时的风速廓线已不再遵循对数分布规律；（4）利用风蚀传感器测得塔中地区沙粒的临界起动摩擦速度为0.25 m/s，该值与经验公式估算的0.24 m/s非常接近，表明风蚀传感器在塔中地区具有较好的适用性；夏季塔中地区地表土壤湿度对风蚀起沙的阻碍作用可以忽略不计。 ?

The Study on Observation Experiment of a Wind Erosionover the Hinterland of Taklimakan Desert

The goal of this study was to obtain a detailed account of wind erosion processes within a single desert field during a dust storm in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert. Erosion activity was monitored by a sensit saltation sensor of H11LIN that responed to the impact of saltating grains and provided a means for detecing the threshold of soil movement, and wind speed,temperature,relative humidity were monitored by gradient anemometer of near-surface layer. The results indicate that dust emission by wind erosion and micro-meteorology were mutually affected and limited. At the beginning of the storm,threshold was around 6.0m/s, as the storm progressed, threshold appeared to slowly shift upward with time,suggesting a surface that was becoming increasingly unerodible. Wind profiles of near-surface layer didn't follow the logarithmic distribution, which significantly affected by sand movements,with the increase of dust emission, wind speed could change dramatically with the increase of height. The threshold friction velocity of TaZhong was obtained by sensit saltation sensor of H11LIN and empirical formula was 0.25m/s, 0.24m/s respectively, which showed that the sensit saltation sensor had better applicability in TaZhong region. At the same time,we found that surface soil moisture was no hindering effect on dust emission by wind erosion in summer in TaZhong region.