珠穆朗玛峰登山气象条件分析

利用珠穆朗玛峰地区定日气象站1959—2009年气象探测资料,分析了珠穆朗玛峰地区的降水、气温、高空风等气象要素变化特征并重点总结珠穆朗玛峰地区主要登山期(春季)成功登顶的天气、气候背景及大气环流形势。结果表明,5月500 hPa环流中高纬度为宽广的低值区,乌拉尔山地区基本维持长波槽或低值中心,咸海—里海和贝加尔湖附近多存在脊区;伊朗高压偏北且东伸至印度半岛,印度副热带高压与咸海、里海附近高压脊同位相叠加且北抬加强,西太平洋副热带高压维持在中南半岛以西;孟加拉湾、印度半岛低槽或低压中心建立,高原南部南支槽不明显;东亚大槽偏强、偏东。对应西藏高原和珠穆朗玛峰地区降水偏弱等特征,5月是攀登珠穆朗玛峰的最佳时机,且20时至凌晨之间更适合登顶。

Analysis of Qomolangma Mountaineering Meteorological Condition

Basing on the 1959-2009 meteorological data in Dingri, Qomolangma, some meteorological elements such as precipitation, temperature,upper wind changes are analyzed to summarize weather and climate backgrounds and atmospheric circulation for Qomolangma mountaineering during climbing season. The results show that at 500 hPa level there are wide low value area over mid-high latitude region, long wave trough over the Ural mountain area, ridge near the Aral Sea-Caspian Sea Basin and Lake Baikal. The Iran high is located northwards slightly and extends eastwards to the India Peninsula. The Indian subtropical high superposes with the high pressure ridge near the Aral Sea -Caspian Sea and strengthens northwards, and the Western Pacific subtropical high maintains over the west of the Indo-China Peninsula. The low trough or low pressure center over the Bay of Bengal and India Peninsula establishes, and the southern branch trough over southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau deepens. The Eastern Asia trough is stronger and more eastern. May is the best period for Qomolangma mountaineering if considering the precipitations in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Mount Qomolangma area, and the best time to climb is from 20pm to early morning.